Make it yours.Save notes, decks & boards to your own library.

openstem

Explore

Spaces

My Library

All fields Software Mathematics Physics Chemistry Biology Engineering Astronomy Environmental Other Chemistry Chemistry groups

Explore STEM Content

Search the community's STEM library — free to study, yours to make your own.

Chemistry

Reactions, bonding and organic chemistry on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes and molecule structures shared by the community. Study free, or clone into your library.

Content Groups1

Loading…

loading…

About Privacy Terms of Service© openstem

We use privacy-friendly product analytics (no session recording, PII masked) to improve OpenStem. Load analytics? Privacy Policy

openstem

Explore

Groups Favorites

Collections Notes Flashcards Quizzes Sketches Flowcharts Plots Molecules

Make it yours.Save notes, decks & boards to your own library.

Get started Sign in

Explore Groups Favorites

Chemistry: explore STEM content (page 37 of 47) · openstem

All fields Software Mathematics Physics Chemistry Biology Engineering Astronomy Environmental Other Chemistry Chemistry groups

Explore STEM Content

Search the community's STEM library — free to study, yours to make your own.

Chemistry

Reactions, bonding and organic chemistry on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes and molecule structures shared by the community. Study free, or clone into your library.

Content Groups1

Loading…

Flowchart29 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L3 · Flame Tests & Ion Tests · flowchart

@openstem

Chemistry · L3 · Flame Tests & Ion Tests · flowchart

Flashcards12 cards

What is the first step when raw water arrives at a treatment plant?1 / 12

Screening. The water passes through a coarse screen or mesh that catches large debris like leaves, litter, sticks, and other floating rubbish before anything else happens to it.

Chemistry

Chemistry · L2 · Treating Water for Drinking

@openstem

Chemistry · L2 · Treating Water for Drinking

MoleculeC

Chemistry

Chemistry · L2 · Methane (CH₄)

@openstem

Chemistry · L2 · Methane (CH₄)

Flashcards6 cards

Why do you wear safety goggles in the lab?1 / 6

Goggles protect your eyes from splashes, fumes, and flying particles — eyes are easily and permanently damaged by chemicals.

Chemistry

Chemistry · L2 · Lab Safety Rules

@openstem

Chemistry · L2 · Lab Safety Rules

Flowchart11 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · Supramolecular Chemistry: Host–Guest Recognition & Preorganization · flowchart

@openstem

Chemistry · L5 · Supramolecular Chemistry: Host–Guest Recognition & Preorganization · flowchart

Flashcards9 cards

State the Boltzmann distribution law for two states i and j. What does it imply about the population of higher-energy states as temperature decreases?1 / 9

In thermal equilibrium at temperature T, the ratio of populations Nᵢ and Nⱼ of two states with energies Eᵢ and Eⱼ (degeneracies gᵢ, gⱼ) is:

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · Statistical Thermodynamics

@openstem

Chemistry · L5 · Statistical Thermodynamics

Quiz4 questions

Which condition most strongly favours an SN2 pathway over SN1?

ATertiary substrate in a polar protic solventBPrimary substrate, strong nucleophile, polar aprotic solventCSecondary substrate, weak nucleophile, aqueous EtOHDTertiary substrate, strong nucleophile, non-polar solvent

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · Organic Mechanisms & Kinetics

@openstem

Chemistry · L5 · Organic Mechanisms & Kinetics

Note~626 words · 3 min

Calorimetry calculations: measuring heat directly Hess's Law calculations combine already-known ΔH values algebraically. Calorimetry is how those ΔH values get measured in the first place — by tracking a temperature change in a known mass o

Chemistry

Chemistry · L4 · Calorimetry calculations: q = mcΔT, calorimeter types, and ΔH vs ΔU

@openstem

Chemistry · L4 · Calorimetry calculations: q = mcΔT, calorimeter types, and ΔH vs ΔU

Flashcards11 cards

What is a formation constant (Kf), also called a stability constant, for a complex ion?1 / 11

Kf is the equilibrium constant for a free (hydrated) metal ion combining with ligands to form a complex ion, e.g. Mⁿ⁺(aq) + xL(aq) ⇌ [MLₓ]ⁿ⁺(aq), Kf = [MLₓⁿ⁺] / ([Mⁿ⁺][L]ˣ). Formation constants are often very large (10⁶ to 10³⁵ or more), meaning that once enough ligand is present, essentially all the free metal ion converts into the complex.

Chemistry

Chemistry · L4 · Complex Ions and Solubility

@openstem

Chemistry · L4 · Complex Ions and Solubility

Note~564 words · 3 min

Why Averages Hide the Interesting Behavior Ordinary bulk spectroscopy reports a signal averaged over an enormous population of molecules — roughly Avogadro's number of them in a typical solution sample. If different molecules in that popula

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · Single-Molecule Spectroscopy

@openstem

Chemistry · L5 · Single-Molecule Spectroscopy

Collection5 items

01Chemistry · L1 · Sorting and Recycling Materials

02Chemistry · L1 · Sorting and Recycling Materials

03Chemistry · L1 · Which Bin Does It Go In?

+2 more

Chemistry

Chemistry · L1 · Sorting and Recycling Materials

@openstem

Chemistry · L1 · Sorting and Recycling Materials

Flashcards10 cards

What particle is emitted in alpha decay?1 / 10

A helium nucleus — 2 protons and 2 neutrons bundled together (written α, or ⁴₂He).

Chemistry

Chemistry · L3 · Nuclear Chemistry

@openstem

Chemistry · L3 · Nuclear Chemistry

MoleculeCCOC(=O)C

Chemistry

Chemistry · L3 · Ethyl Ethanoate

@openstem

Chemistry · L3 · Ethyl Ethanoate

Flowchart21 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L2 · The Carbon Cycle · flowchart

@openstem

Chemistry · L2 · The Carbon Cycle · flowchart

Note~409 words · 2 min

Separating Mixtures In a mixture, the substances are just mixed together — not chemically joined — so each one keeps its own properties. That means we can use those different properties to separate the mixture back into its parts. Which met

Chemistry

Chemistry · L2 · Separating Mixtures

@openstem

Chemistry · L2 · Separating Mixtures

Flowchart11 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L3 · Finding Oxygen by Difference in Combustion Analysis

@openstem

Chemistry · L3 · Finding Oxygen by Difference in Combustion Analysis

Note~310 words · 2 min

Energy in Chemical Reactions Every chemical reaction involves a change in energy, not just a change in substances. Some reactions release energy into their surroundings, and some reactions absorb energy from their surroundings. You can ofte

Chemistry

Chemistry · L2 · Energy in Chemical Reactions

@openstem

Chemistry · L2 · Energy in Chemical Reactions

Quiz5 questions

What does melting always need to happen?

AHeatBA liquid to spread intoCStirringDSalt

Chemistry

Chemistry · L1 · Dissolving vs. Melting

@openstem

Chemistry · L1 · Dissolving vs. Melting

Collection4 items

01Chemistry · L5 · Mechanochemistry

02Chemistry · L5 · Mechanochemistry

03Chemistry · L5 · Spiropyran Mechanophore Activation

+1 more

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · Mechanochemistry

@openstem

Chemistry · L5 · Mechanochemistry

Quiz5 questions

Which of these is true of most metals?

AThey are dullBThey are shinyCThey are stretchyDThey are see-through

Chemistry

Chemistry · L1 · Metals and Non-metals

@openstem

Chemistry · L1 · Metals and Non-metals

Flashcards9 cards

What is the FeMo-cofactor, and what reaction does it catalyze?1 / 9

The FeMo-cofactor is nitrogenase's active site: a [7Fe-9S-Mo-C-homocitrate] cluster with an interstitial carbide at its center. It catalyzes the reduction of atmospheric N2 to two molecules of NH3, a reaction that requires breaking the N≡N triple bond (bond energy ~941 kJ/mol) and consumes 16 ATP and 8 electrons per N2 fixed, releasing one H2 as an obligate byproduct.

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · Bioinorganic Metalloenzymes

@openstem

Chemistry · L5 · Bioinorganic Metalloenzymes

Flowchart15 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · The three factors that set the electron-transfer rate

@openstem

Chemistry · L5 · The three factors that set the electron-transfer rate

Flowchart11 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · Double-Humped Hydration Enthalpy Trend Across First-Row M²⁺ Ions

@openstem

Chemistry · L5 · Double-Humped Hydration Enthalpy Trend Across First-Row M²⁺ Ions

Note~858 words · 4 min

The kinetic isotope effect: an experimental probe for the rate-determining step Identifying the rate-determining step of a proposed mechanism by argument alone — 'this step looks like the bottleneck' — or deriving a rate law from it algebra

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · The Kinetic Isotope Effect

@openstem

Chemistry · L5 · The Kinetic Isotope Effect

Note~767 words · 4 min

Electrolysis: using electricity to force a reaction A galvanic cell takes a spontaneous redox reaction and lets it generate an electric current. Electrolysis runs the idea in reverse: it takes an electric current from an external supply and

Chemistry

Chemistry · L3 · Electrolysis

@openstem

Chemistry · L3 · Electrolysis

Note~437 words · 2 min

Transition metals: multiple oxidation states and striking color Iron, copper, chromium, manganese, and the other transition metals behave differently from main-group metals like sodium, magnesium, and potassium in two easy-to-spot ways — wo

Chemistry

Chemistry · L3 · Transition metals: variable oxidation states and vivid color

@openstem

Chemistry · L3 · Transition metals: variable oxidation states and vivid color

Quiz6 questions

Which scenario calls for a BACK titration rather than a direct titration?

ATitrating a strong acid of unknown concentration directly with a standard NaOH solution, using phenolphthaleinBFinding the % purity of powdered CaCO3 from a rock sample, which won't react cleanly or completely from a buretteCTitrating a strong base of unknown concentration directly with a standard HCl solution, using methyl orangeDAny titration performed with a burette instead of a pipette

Chemistry

Chemistry · L4 · Back Titration — 6 Q

@openstem

Chemistry · L4 · Back Titration — 6 Q

Note~1157 words · 6 min

Nuclear Chemistry: The Decay Law, Mass Defect & Binding Energy At L3 you saw radioactive decay as a halving staircase — after each half-life, whatever is left gets cut in half again. That picture is correct but incomplete: it only gives cle

Chemistry