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Chemistry: explore STEM content · openstem

All fields Software Mathematics Physics Chemistry Biology Engineering Astronomy Environmental Other Chemistry Chemistry groups

Explore STEM Content

Search the community's STEM library — free to study, yours to make your own.

Chemistry

Reactions, bonding and organic chemistry on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes and molecule structures shared by the community. Study free, or clone into your library.

Content Groups1

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Collection7 items

01Chemistry · L5 · Supramolecular Chemistry: Foundations

02Chemistry · L5 · Supramolecular Chemistry: Preorganization & Design

03Chemistry · L5 · Supramolecular Chemistry: Host–Guest Recognition & Preorganization

+4 more

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · Supramolecular Chemistry

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Chemistry · L5 · Supramolecular Chemistry

Flashcards11 cards

You add NaOH dropwise to a colourless unknown cation solution and get a white precipitate. What single further test narrows down which white-precipitate cation you have?1 / 11

Add excess NaOH to a fresh portion of the sample. If the white precipitate redissolves to a colourless solution, the cation is amphoteric (Al³⁺, Zn²⁺, or Pb²⁺); if the precipitate is unchanged, it is a different, non-amphoteric white-hydroxide cation.

Chemistry

Chemistry · L4 · Systematic Qualitative Inorganic Analysis

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Chemistry · L4 · Systematic Qualitative Inorganic Analysis

Flowchart22 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L4 · EDTA's six donor atoms wrapping a single metal ion

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Chemistry · L4 · EDTA's six donor atoms wrapping a single metal ion

Collection5 items

01Chemistry · L5 · Statistical Thermodynamics

02Chemistry · L5 · Statistical Thermodynamics: Boltzmann Distribution, Partition Functions & Entropy

03Chemistry · L5 · Boltzmann Populations: Low T vs High T

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Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · Statistical Thermodynamics

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Chemistry · L5 · Statistical Thermodynamics

Flashcards10 cards

What oxidation number does an atom have when it is part of a free, uncombined element — for example, the Zn in solid zinc, or each O in O₂ gas?1 / 10

Zero. Any atom in a free element — whether monatomic (Zn) or a molecule of just that element (O₂, Cl₂) — has oxidation number 0. There's no other element around to shift electrons toward or away from it.

Chemistry

Chemistry · L3 · Assigning Oxidation Numbers

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Chemistry · L3 · Assigning Oxidation Numbers

Quiz6 questions

What is the CFSE (in units of Δo) for an octahedral d³ ion such as [Cr(H₂O)₆]³⁺?

A−0.6ΔoB−1.2ΔoC−1.8ΔoD0Δo

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · Crystal Field Stabilization Energy

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Chemistry · L5 · Crystal Field Stabilization Energy

Flowchart13 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · Preorganization & the Macrocyclic Effect

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Chemistry · L5 · Preorganization & the Macrocyclic Effect

Note~258 words · 1 min

Density: How Tightly Is Matter Packed? Density tells you how much mass is squeezed into a given amount of space (volume). Two objects can be the same size but have very different densities if one has much more mass packed into it than the o

Chemistry

Chemistry · L2 · Density

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Chemistry · L2 · Density

Quiz6 questions

What causes a C–D bond to have a lower zero-point energy than the corresponding C–H bond?

ADeuterium has an extra electron compared to hydrogen, changing the electronic structureBDeuterium is heavier than hydrogen, so the bond vibrates more slowly, giving a lower zero-point energyCDeuterium forms a fundamentally different type of chemical bond to carbonDThe C-D bond dissociation potential-energy curve is a different shape from the C-H curve

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · The Kinetic Isotope Effect — 6 Q

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Chemistry · L5 · The Kinetic Isotope Effect — 6 Q

Note~512 words · 3 min

The mole: a counting unit for atoms A dozen always means 12, no matter whether you're counting eggs or bicycles. A mole is the same idea, scaled up for atoms and molecules: it always means 6.02 × 10²³ particles — a number called Avogadro's

Chemistry

Chemistry · L3 · Stoichiometry & the Mole

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Chemistry · L3 · Stoichiometry & the Mole

Flowchart11 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L1 · Mixing in the Kitchen · flowchart

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Chemistry · L1 · Mixing in the Kitchen · flowchart

Flowchart14 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L3 · How an Ionic Bond Forms (Na + Cl)

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Chemistry · L3 · How an Ionic Bond Forms (Na + Cl)

Flowchart13 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · Isoreticular Expansion of a MOF Series

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Chemistry · L5 · Isoreticular Expansion of a MOF Series

Flashcards10 cards

State the spectrochemical series ranking of common ligands from weakest to strongest field, as used to predict Δo.1 / 10

I⁻ < Br⁻ < Cl⁻ < F⁻ < H₂O < NH₃ < en < CN⁻ ≈ CO (strongest field). Roughly, this tracks σ-donor/π-acceptor character: the halides are π-donors that push t2g energy up (shrinking Δo), NH₃ and en are pure σ-donors sitting in the middle, and CN⁻/CO are strong π-acceptors that pull t2g energy down by accepting metal electron density into empty π* orbitals (back-bonding), which widens Δo.

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · Ligand Field Theory

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Chemistry · L5 · Ligand Field Theory

Flowchart11 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L2 · Treating Water for Drinking · flowchart

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Chemistry · L2 · Treating Water for Drinking · flowchart

Flashcards10 cards

Distinguish ionic, covalent, and metallic bonding.1 / 10

Ionic: electron transfer between metals and non-metals → electrostatic attraction between ions. Covalent: shared electron pairs between non-metals. Metallic: delocalised electron 'sea' among metal cations. Ionic and metallic are extremes; most real bonds are polar covalent.

Chemistry

Chemistry · L4 · Periodicity & Chemical Bonding

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Chemistry · L4 · Periodicity & Chemical Bonding

Flashcards12 cards

What makes the bubbles in a fizzy drink?1 / 12

A gas called carbon dioxide is squeezed into the drink. When you open the bottle, some of it escapes as bubbles.

Chemistry

Chemistry · L1 · Fizzy Drinks and Dissolved Gas

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Chemistry · L1 · Fizzy Drinks and Dissolved Gas

Flashcards10 cards

Paint and galvanizing work well for fences and nails, but how do engineers protect something huge and expensive like a ship's hull or a pipeline?1 / 10

They scale up the same ideas and add a few more tools: mixing chromium into steel to make it self-protecting, bolting on sacrificial blocks of a more reactive metal, or plating on a thin barrier of another metal.

Chemistry

Chemistry · L2 · Protecting Metal Structures

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Chemistry · L2 · Protecting Metal Structures

Note~399 words · 2 min

Gas Hiding in a Liquid A fizzy drink — soda, sparkling water, lemonade — has a gas hiding inside it. That gas is carbon dioxide, and it is dissolved right into the liquid, spread through it so evenly you can't see it at all. At the factory,

Chemistry

Chemistry · L1 · Fizzy Drinks and Dissolved Gas

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Chemistry · L1 · Fizzy Drinks and Dissolved Gas

Flowchart13 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · Advanced Mass Spectrometry · flowchart

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Chemistry · L5 · Advanced Mass Spectrometry · flowchart

Flowchart10 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L2 · Photosynthesis vs Respiration and Combustion

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Chemistry · L2 · Photosynthesis vs Respiration and Combustion

Flashcards6 cards

What is a unit cell?1 / 6

The smallest repeating three-dimensional block of a crystal lattice that, when tiled in all three directions with no gaps or overlaps, reproduces the entire crystal structure.

Chemistry

Chemistry · L4 · Solid State Chemistry — Unit Cells & Cubic Packing

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Chemistry · L4 · Solid State Chemistry — Unit Cells & Cubic Packing

Collection4 items

01Chemistry · L4 · The Steady-State Approximation

02Chemistry · L4 · The Steady-State Approximation

03Chemistry · L4 · Steady-State Approximation vs the Rate-Determining-Step Shortcut

+1 more

Chemistry

Chemistry · L4 · The Steady-State Approximation

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Chemistry · L4 · The Steady-State Approximation

MoleculeC

Chemistry

Chemistry · L3 · Methane (CH₄)

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Chemistry · L3 · Methane (CH₄)

Collection4 items

01Chemistry · L1 · Why a Candle Burns

02Chemistry · L1 · Why a Candle Burns

03Chemistry · L1 · The Three Things a Flame Needs

+1 more

Chemistry

Chemistry · L1 · Why a Candle Burns

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Chemistry · L1 · Why a Candle Burns

Note~1007 words · 5 min

Nanomaterials and quantum confinement A bulk semiconductor's band gap is fixed by its chemical composition and crystal structure — silicon's band gap is silicon's band gap, whether the sample is a millimeter or a meter across. That stops be

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · Nanomaterials and Quantum Confinement

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Chemistry · L5 · Nanomaterials and Quantum Confinement

Note~431 words · 2 min

Getting Metals from Ores Metals don't arrive ready to use — they have to be got out of the ground first. Exactly how depends on one thing: where the metal sits in the reactivity series. The more reactive a metal is, the more tightly it hold

Chemistry

Chemistry · L2 · Getting Metals from Ores

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Chemistry · L2 · Getting Metals from Ores

Collection4 items

01Chemistry · L4 · Buffer Calculations and Capacity

02Chemistry · L4 · Buffer Calculations and Capacity: Henderson–Hasselbalch, worked pH calculations, and capacity

03Chemistry · L4 · Buffer Response to Added Strong Acid or Base

+1 more

Chemistry

Chemistry · L4 · Buffer Calculations and Capacity

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Chemistry · L4 · Buffer Calculations and Capacity

Note~766 words · 4 min

What Comes Out of a Flame Every day, all sorts of fuels burn around us — a candle flame, a gas hob, a car engine. Whatever the fuel, burning always makes something. This page compares what actually comes out of the flame for several differe

Chemistry

Chemistry · L2 · What Comes Out of a Flame

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Chemistry · L2 · What Comes Out of a Flame

Quiz5 questions

Why is femtosecond time resolution necessary to directly observe bond-breaking dynamics?

AFemtosecond pulses are simply more intense than any other laser pulseBA single molecular vibration completes in roughly 10-100 femtoseconds, so only femtosecond-resolution measurements can resolve the actual atomic motion during bond breakingCFemtosecond lasers are the only lasers that can excite electronic transitionsDBond breaking always takes exactly one femtosecond regardless of the bond

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · Ultrafast Femtochemistry

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Chemistry · L5 · Ultrafast Femtochemistry

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