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Physics
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What a capacitor stores Not charge, exactly: the plates hold +Q and −Q, so the net charge is zero. What's stored is energy, in the electric field across the gap. One farad is enormous. Real capacitors run from picofarads in radio circuits t
The net work done on an object equals its change in kinetic energy: W_net = ΔKE. If more work goes in than comes out, the object speeds up; if net work is negative, it slows down.
Three rules that cover every motion Newton wrote these down in the 1680s. A dropped pencil and a launching rocket both obey all three. First law: things resist change A hockey puck glides for ages because ice gives it almost no friction to
A force that fights sliding Whenever two surfaces touch and try to slide past each other, friction pushes back against that sliding. It's why a rolling ball eventually stops instead of rolling forever, and why your feet grip the ground inst
Continuity: the fluid has nowhere else to go Incompressible fluid in a pipe can't pile up or vanish partway along. So the same volume must cross every section every second. That's why a hose sprays further when you squeeze the end with your