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Physics
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Two postulates, and everything else follows The second one is the troublemaker. Hold onto it and time and length have to give way instead. The Lorentz factor runs the whole show At everyday speeds γ sits so close to 1 that nothing looks unu
Physics
Physics · L4 · Special relativity: time dilation, length contraction, and E=mc²
In quantum field theory, what is treated as the fundamental physical object?
AThe particle, as a point object with a definite trajectoryBThe field, defined at every point of spacetime, with particles as its quantized excitationsCThe wavefunction on a fixed configuration spaceDThe spacetime metric alone
A tiny pebble sinks, but a huge metal ship floats. How can that be?1 / 8
It is not just about how heavy something is — its shape matters too. The ship is shaped like a big hollow bowl, so it pushes a lot of water out of the way. That helps it float, even though it is heavy.
A force is applied directly toward a hinge (along the line connecting the force's application point to the hinge). What torque does it produce about the hinge?
AMaximum torqueBZero torqueCTorque equal to the force magnitudeDTorque depends on the object's mass
Two properties, not one Cooper pairing Cooper's insight: in a Fermi sea, an arbitrarily weak net attraction between two electrons near the Fermi surface binds them. Not a strong attraction. Any attraction at all. Individually the electrons
Physics
Physics · L5 · Superconductivity: BCS Theory and the Meissner Effect
Potential is energy per charge A charge in an electric field has potential energy, just like a mass has gravitational potential energy. Divide out the charge and you get potential, better known as voltage. Capacitors Two conductive plates w
AHow fast an object moves in a straight lineBHow much a force rotates an object around a pivot pointCThe total energy stored in a spinning objectDThe friction between two surfaces
What makes a machine "simple" Not a robot and not a motor. A simple machine is just a helpful shape: a slope, a bar, a wheel. It has no engine, so you still do the pushing. It just makes the job feel easier. Six of them, all around the hous
Usually more than one push at a time Most things have several pushes or pulls acting on them at once. What happens next depends on whether those forces match each other. Tug of war A book sitting still Friction is the hidden one Roll a ball
What condition on the restoring force defines simple harmonic motion (SHM)?1 / 10
The restoring force must be proportional to the displacement from equilibrium, and always point back toward it. A spring obeying Hooke's law does this exactly; a pendulum does it approximately, for small swing angles.
Four laws, in one breath First law: bookkeeping The four standard processes Second law: entropy, and why heat has a direction Entropy counted properly Boltzmann's formula says entropy is really a count of how many microscopic arrangements p