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Chemistry: explore STEM content (page 21 of 47) · openstem

All fields Software Mathematics Physics Chemistry Biology Engineering Astronomy Environmental Other Chemistry Chemistry groups

Explore STEM Content

Search the community's STEM library — free to study, yours to make your own.

Chemistry

Reactions, bonding and organic chemistry on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes and molecule structures shared by the community. Study free, or clone into your library.

Content Groups1

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Flowchart7 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L1 · Keeping Food Fresh in the Fridge and Freezer

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Chemistry · L1 · Keeping Food Fresh in the Fridge and Freezer

Quiz6 questions

What structural feature distinguishes a thermoset from a thermoplastic?

AA thermoset has longer chainsBA thermoset's chains are covalently cross-linked; a thermoplastic's are notCA thermoset is always an addition polymerDA thermoset contains no carbon

Chemistry

Chemistry · L4 · Polymer Chemistry — 6 Q

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Chemistry · L4 · Polymer Chemistry — 6 Q

Collection6 items

01Chemistry · L1 · Floating and Sinking

02Chemistry · L1 · Why Do Things Float or Sink?

03Chemistry · L1 · Float or Sink Test

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Chemistry

Chemistry · L1 · Floating and Sinking

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Chemistry · L1 · Floating and Sinking

Quiz5 questions

What core property of isotopes makes isotopic labeling useful as a mechanistic and tracing tool?

AIsotopes of an element have nearly identical chemistry but a distinguishable physical signal (mass, radioactivity, or spectral shift)BIsotopes of an element have completely different chemical reactivityCOnly radioactive isotopes can ever be used as tracersDIsotopic labeling always doubles the reaction rate

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · Isotope Labeling & Tracer Studies

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Chemistry · L5 · Isotope Labeling & Tracer Studies

Flashcards10 cards

What does a buffer solution do?1 / 10

It resists changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added — the pH shifts only slightly instead of swinging sharply.

Chemistry

Chemistry · L3 · Buffers — Resisting pH Change

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Chemistry · L3 · Buffers — Resisting pH Change

Flashcards10 cards

In the Haber process, N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g) is exothermic. Why isn't the reaction simply run at a low temperature, where equilibrium favours more ammonia?1 / 10

Because a low temperature also makes the reaction very slow. It would take far too long to reach equilibrium to be economical — temperature isn't chosen for yield alone, it has to balance yield against how fast the plant can actually produce ammonia.

Chemistry

Chemistry · L3 · Industrial Equilibrium — Haber and Contact Processes

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Chemistry · L3 · Industrial Equilibrium — Haber and Contact Processes

Flowchart19 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L2 · Why Water Treatment Needs Four Steps

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Chemistry · L2 · Why Water Treatment Needs Four Steps

Flashcards9 cards

Define lattice energy precisely, including the direction of the process and the sign convention used here.1 / 9

Lattice energy (ΔH_lattice) is the enthalpy change when one mole of an ionic solid forms from its gaseous ions: M⁺(g) + X⁻(g) → MX(s). This process is always strongly exothermic (electrostatic attraction releases energy as the ions come together), so ΔH_lattice is a large negative number under this formation-direction convention. (Some sources define lattice energy as the reverse, lattice-breaking process, and report it as positive — always check which direction a given value refers to.)

Chemistry

Chemistry · L4 · Lattice Energy: Trends, the Born-Lande Equation, and the Kapustinskii Equation

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Chemistry · L4 · Lattice Energy: Trends, the Born-Lande Equation, and the Kapustinskii Equation

Flowchart4 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · Surface Chemistry and Adsorption · flowchart

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Chemistry · L5 · Surface Chemistry and Adsorption · flowchart

Flowchart9 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L1 · Why Salt Melts Icy Roads · flowchart

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Chemistry · L1 · Why Salt Melts Icy Roads · flowchart

MoleculeReaction: CCN=[N+]=[N-].C#CCO>>CCn1cc(CO)nn1

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · CuAAC Click Reaction (Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition)

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Chemistry · L5 · CuAAC Click Reaction (Azide-Alkyne Cycloaddition)

Flashcards11 cards

What is the general word equation for a metal reacting with an acid?1 / 11

metal + acid → salt + hydrogen. This pattern holds for any reactive metal and any acid.

Chemistry

Chemistry · L2 · Metals Reacting with Acids

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Chemistry · L2 · Metals Reacting with Acids

Flashcards10 cards

Why does substituting deuterium (²H, D) for ordinary hydrogen (¹H) at a specific position barely change a molecule's chemistry, yet still matter for its kinetics?1 / 10

Isotopes of the same element have identical numbers of protons and electrons, so the electronic structure, bond lengths, and overall bonding potential-energy surface of a C–D bond are essentially the same as a C–H bond — the chemistry looks the same. What DOES change is the nuclear mass, and that alters how the bond vibrates, which can in turn change how easily it breaks.

Chemistry

Chemistry · L5 · The Kinetic Isotope Effect

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Chemistry · L5 · The Kinetic Isotope Effect

Flowchart15 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L4 · Is a molecule polar? Bond dipoles as vectors

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Chemistry · L4 · Is a molecule polar? Bond dipoles as vectors

Note~405 words · 2 min

Unstable Nuclei Most nuclei are stable and never change. Some are not — they have too many or too few neutrons for their number of protons, and they shed particles or energy until they settle into a more stable arrangement. This process is

Chemistry

Chemistry · L3 · Nuclear Chemistry

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Chemistry · L3 · Nuclear Chemistry

Flowchart13 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L2 · Protecting Reactive Metals

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Chemistry · L2 · Protecting Reactive Metals

Quiz5 questions

What is the formula for the retention factor, Rf?

ARf = distance travelled by substance ÷ distance travelled by solvent frontBRf = distance travelled by solvent front ÷ distance travelled by substanceCRf = distance travelled by substance × distance travelled by solvent frontDRf = distance travelled by substance − distance travelled by solvent front

Chemistry

Chemistry · L3 · Chromatography and Rf Values

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Chemistry · L3 · Chromatography and Rf Values

Flowchart7 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L3 · Exothermic Reaction — Energy Diagram

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Chemistry · L3 · Exothermic Reaction — Energy Diagram

Note~59 words · 1 min

From structure to reaction Ethanol is a small molecule — two carbons, an oxygen, and some hydrogens: When a fuel like methane burns in oxygen, it produces carbon dioxide and water. The equation is balanced — the same atoms appear on both si

Chemistry

Chemistry · L3 · Molecules and Reactions

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Chemistry · L3 · Molecules and Reactions

Flashcards8 cards

What is filtration used for?1 / 8

Filtration separates an insoluble solid from a liquid. You pour the mixture through filter paper sitting in a funnel — the solid is trapped on the paper, and the liquid runs through. Example: separating sand from water.

Chemistry

Chemistry · L2 · Separating Mixtures

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Chemistry · L2 · Separating Mixtures

Quiz6 questions

For Ag⁺(aq) + 2 NH₃(aq) ⇌ [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺(aq),

AThe complex is highly unstable and decomposes almost immediatelyBAt equilibrium, almost all the Ag⁺ converts to the complex ion once NH₃ is in excessCThe reaction produces essentially no complex ion at allDKf must be numerically equal to Ksp(AgCl) for the math to work

Chemistry

Chemistry · L4 · Complex Ions and Solubility

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Chemistry · L4 · Complex Ions and Solubility

Quiz6 questions

What breaks apart a CFC molecule once it reaches the stratosphere?

AReaction with atmospheric water vapourBHigh-energy UV photolysis of the C–Cl bondCCombustion in the presence of atmospheric oxygenDCollision with ozone molecules

Chemistry

Chemistry · L4 · Atmospheric Chemistry — Ozone and the Greenhouse Effect

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Chemistry · L4 · Atmospheric Chemistry — Ozone and the Greenhouse Effect

Flowchart7 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L4 · Polyprotic acids: stepwise dissociation, successive Ka values, and multi-equivalence-point titrations · flowchart

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Chemistry · L4 · Polyprotic acids: stepwise dissociation, successive Ka values, and multi-equivalence-point titrations · flowchart

Flowchart17 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L4 · Building a polypeptide: repeated condensation

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Chemistry · L4 · Building a polypeptide: repeated condensation

Flashcards10 cards

Why do people sprinkle salt on icy sidewalks in winter?1 / 10

Because salt makes ice melt faster, and helps keep the sidewalk from refreezing as easily.

Chemistry

Chemistry · L1 · Why Salt Melts Sidewalk Ice Faster

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Chemistry · L1 · Why Salt Melts Sidewalk Ice Faster

Flowchart7 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L1 · Growing Crystals at Home · flowchart

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Chemistry · L1 · Growing Crystals at Home · flowchart

Collection4 items

01Chemistry · L1 · Milk and Vinegar Curdling

02Chemistry · L1 · Milk and Vinegar Curdling

03Chemistry · L1 · Milk Meets Vinegar

+1 more

Chemistry

Chemistry · L1 · Milk and Vinegar Curdling

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Chemistry · L1 · Milk and Vinegar Curdling

Note~805 words · 4 min

Back titration: when you can't titrate directly A direct titration works when the analyte is dissolved, reacts quickly and cleanly with the titrant, and gives a sharp, reliable endpoint. A back titration is what you reach for when one of th

Chemistry

Chemistry · L4 · Back Titration: The Excess-and-Subtract Method

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Chemistry · L4 · Back Titration: The Excess-and-Subtract Method

Flowchart11 objects

Chemistry

Chemistry · L2 · Why Objects Float or Sink

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Chemistry · L2 · Why Objects Float or Sink

Flashcards9 cards

What are the three subatomic particles in an atom, and where is each one found?1 / 9

Protons (positive charge) and neutrons (no charge) are packed together in the nucleus, the tiny, dense centre of the atom. Electrons (negative charge) are found outside the nucleus, arranged in shells at various distances from it.

Chemistry

Chemistry · L3 · Atomic Structure & Electron Shells

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Chemistry · L3 · Atomic Structure & Electron Shells

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