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Biology: explore STEM content (page 40 of 50) · openstem
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Search the community's STEM library — free to study, yours to make your own.
Biology
Cells, genetics, ecology and physiology on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes, sketches and flowcharts shared by the community. Study free, or clone anything into your library.
Negative pressure breathing is the mechanism mammals use to inhale: the diaphragm and intercostal muscles enlarge the thoracic cavity, which drops the air pressure inside the lungs below atmospheric pressure, so air flows in to equalize it.
Biology
Biology · L3 · Breathing Mechanics and Gas Exchange
Types of Joints: How Bones Connect and Move A joint is any place where two or more bones meet. Not all joints are the same — some let bones move a huge amount, some only let bones twist, and some barely let bones move at all. Scientists gro
Biology
Biology · L2 · Types of Joints: How Bones Connect and Move
A hormone binds a receptor located inside the cytoplasm, and the hormone-receptor complex then binds DNA directly to alter gene transcription. Which hormone class does this describe?
ASteroid hormoneBPeptide hormoneCCatecholamineDGlycoprotein tropic hormone
Why and How Cells Divide Right now, all over your body, cells are dividing. A cell divides by splitting into two new cells — and this happens constantly, for a few simple reasons. The table below lists the three main reasons cells divide, w
Plants Grow Toward the Light Have you ever seen a plant on a windowsill leaning toward the window? Plants need light to make their own food, so they grow toward the brightest light they can find. A Simple Window Experiment You can see this
The nucleobase below is adenine. What structural feature classifies it as a purine rather than a pyrimidine?
AIt has a single six-membered ring containing two nitrogensBIt has two fused rings — a six-membered ring joined to a five-membered ringCIt carries an amino group, and only purines have amino groupsDIt contains no oxygen, and purines are the bases without oxygen
How Animals Move Animals need to move to find food, escape danger, and explore the world around them. Different animals move in different ways, using different body parts. Legs for Walking, Running, and Jumping Many animals use legs to get
Animal Camouflage: Hiding in Plain Sight Camouflage is when an animal's color, pattern, or shape helps it hide. Camouflage helps animals stay safe from predators, and it helps hunters sneak up on their prey. Blending In Blending in means an
Biology
Biology · L1 · Animal Camouflage: Hiding in Plain Sight
Contrast bottom-up and top-down proteomics workflows, including what each measures and its principal limitation.1 / 9
Bottom-up (shotgun) proteomics digests proteins into peptides (typically with trypsin, cleaving C-terminal to lysine/arginine) before mass spectrometry, then infers protein identity from peptide spectra; it offers high sensitivity and throughput but loses direct information about which proteoform or combination of co-occurring modifications was present on an intact protein molecule (the protein inference problem).
Define totipotency, and identify the specific developmental window during which totipotent cells exist in the mammalian embryo.1 / 10
A totipotent cell can generate every cell type of the resulting organism, including both the embryonic lineages (all three germ layers) and the extraembryonic lineages (trophectoderm/placenta, primitive endoderm/yolk sac). In mammals, totipotency is restricted to the zygote and the blastomeres of the very early cleavage-stage embryo, up to approximately the 8-cell stage in humans.
Metamorphosis is the dramatic change in body shape that many insects go through as they grow from a newly hatched egg into an adult. Instead of just getting bigger, the insect's body is rebuilt along the way.
Biology
Biology · L2 · Complete vs. Incomplete Metamorphosis: The Basics