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All fields Software Mathematics Physics Chemistry Biology Engineering Astronomy Environmental Other Biology Biology groups

Explore STEM Content

Search the community's STEM library — free to study, yours to make your own.

Biology

Cells, genetics, ecology and physiology on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes, sketches and flowcharts shared by the community. Study free, or clone anything into your library.

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Biology: explore STEM content (page 41 of 50) · openstem

Collection5 items

01Biology · L2 · Thick Stems and Leaves That Store Water

02Biology · L2 · Roots and Waxy Coatings in Desert Plants

03Biology · L2 · How Desert Plants Store Water Quiz

+2 more

Biology

Biology · L2 · Desert Water-Storing Plants

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Biology · L2 · Desert Water-Storing Plants

Plot2 plots · 1 param

Biology

Biology · L4 · Michaelis-Menten vs Allosteric Enzyme Kinetics

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Biology · L4 · Michaelis-Menten vs Allosteric Enzyme Kinetics

Flashcards9 cards

Roughly how much more food energy does an endotherm need compared to an ectotherm of the same body size?1 / 9

About five to ten times more. Generating heat metabolically around the clock is expensive, so a mouse-sized endotherm burns far more calories per day than a similarly sized lizard just to stay warm.

Biology

Biology · L3 · Energy Trade-offs of Thermoregulation

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Biology · L3 · Energy Trade-offs of Thermoregulation

Note~218 words · 1 min

Network Motifs Systems biology analyses gene regulatory networks (GRNs) for over-represented connectivity patterns (motifs). Key motifs: Feedback and Stability For a simple negative feedback loop governing protein concentration x, a lineari

Biology

Biology · L5 · Systems Biology: Feedback, Oscillators & Robustness

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Biology · L5 · Systems Biology: Feedback, Oscillators & Robustness

Quiz5 questions

What is a hormone?

AAn electrical signal sent along a nerveBA chemical messenger made by a gland and carried in the bloodCA type of white blood cellDA muscle that pumps blood around the body

Biology

Biology · L2 · Hormones and Glands Quiz

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Biology · L2 · Hormones and Glands Quiz

Note~446 words · 2 min

Nervous system: neurons, synapses, and action potentials The nervous system enables rapid communication between cells. In vertebrates, it is divided into the central nervous system (CNS: brain + spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous syste

Biology

Biology · L4 · Nervous system: neurons, synapses, and action potentials

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Biology · L4 · Nervous system: neurons, synapses, and action potentials

Flashcards9 cards

List at least six of the widely cited 'hallmarks of aging' and briefly describe one of them in mechanistic detail.1 / 9

Biology

Biology · L5 · Aging Biology and Cellular Senescence

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Biology · L5 · Aging Biology and Cellular Senescence

Flashcards10 cards

What is the main job of a plant's roots?1 / 10

Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil, and they anchor the plant firmly in place so it doesn't fall over or get blown away.

Biology

Biology · L2 · Roots, Stems, and Leaves

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Biology · L2 · Roots, Stems, and Leaves

Flashcards10 cards

What is the honeybee waggle dance, and what information does it encode?1 / 10

The waggle dance is a symbolic communication behavior performed by a returning forager on the vertical comb, in which the angle of the waggle run relative to vertical encodes the direction of a food source relative to the suns position, and the duration of the waggle run encodes distance. Dance vigor and repetition can also convey food quality, allowing the colony to recruit foragers efficiently to the best available resources without any individual needing to visit the site first.

Biology

Biology · L4 · Communication, Foraging, and Social Behavior

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Biology · L4 · Communication, Foraging, and Social Behavior

Flashcards10 cards

Why do many desert plants have roots that spread out wide instead of growing deep?1 / 10

Desert rain usually only wets the top layer of soil before it evaporates or drains away. A wide, shallow root system can reach out across a large area to soak up as much of that brief rainfall as possible.

Biology

Biology · L2 · Roots and Waxy Coatings in Desert Plants

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Biology · L2 · Roots and Waxy Coatings in Desert Plants

MoleculeCC(C(=O)O)N

Biology

Biology · L3 · Alanine (amino acid)

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Biology · L3 · Alanine (amino acid)

Note~311 words · 2 min

Plant Parts We Eat Plants have different parts, and each part does a special job. Roots soak up water. Stems carry water up. Leaves make food from sunlight. Flowers turn into fruit, and fruit holds the seeds. When we eat vegetables and frui

Biology

Biology · L1 · Plant Parts We Eat

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Biology · L1 · Plant Parts We Eat

Collection5 items

01Biology · L4 · Homology, Analogy, and Body Plans

02Biology · L4 · Locomotor and Sensory Anatomy Across Vertebrates

03Biology · L4 · Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy Quiz

+2 more

Biology

Biology · L4 · Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy

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Biology · L4 · Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy

Collection5 items

01Biology · L4 · Extinction Risk and Population Viability

02Biology · L4 · Conservation Strategies and Ecosystem Management

03Biology · L4 · Conservation Biology Quiz

+2 more

Biology

Biology · L4 · Conservation Biology

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Biology · L4 · Conservation Biology

Flashcards9 cards

Do all animals take the same amount of time to grow into adults?1 / 9

No. Different animal species grow up at very different speeds — some reach adulthood in weeks, while others take many years.

Biology

Biology · L2 · Comparing Growth Across Animals

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Biology · L2 · Comparing Growth Across Animals

Flashcards10 cards

What does 'aerobic' mean, and why does aerobic respiration make so much more ATP than anaerobic respiration?1 / 10

Aerobic means 'requiring oxygen.' With oxygen available, pyruvate can be fully processed through the Krebs cycle and the electron transport chain, which together generate far more ATP than glycolysis alone can produce.

Biology

Biology · L3 · Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration and ATP Yield

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Biology · L3 · Aerobic vs. Anaerobic Respiration and ATP Yield

Flowchart9 objects

Biology

Biology · L1 · Born Alive or Hatched From an Egg? Quiz · flowchart

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Biology · L1 · Born Alive or Hatched From an Egg? Quiz · flowchart

Flashcards10 cards

What is the bacterial cell wall made of, and what is its function?1 / 10

The bacterial cell wall is made of peptidoglycan, a mesh-like polymer of sugar chains cross-linked by short amino acid bridges. It sits outside the cell membrane, gives the cell its shape, and prevents it from bursting when water enters by osmosis.

Biology

Biology · L3 · Bacterial Structure and Classification

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Biology · L3 · Bacterial Structure and Classification

Flowchart11 objects

Biology

Sensory Physiology and Transduction Mechanisms · flowchart

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Sensory Physiology and Transduction Mechanisms · flowchart

Flashcards10 cards

What is a monomer, and what is a polymer?1 / 10

A monomer is a small, repeating molecular subunit. A polymer is a large molecule built by joining many monomers together in a chain. Three of the four major biological macromolecules — carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids — are polymers built from their own characteristic monomers; lipids are the exception, since they are not true polymers.

Biology

Biology · L3 · The Four Macromolecules

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Biology · L3 · The Four Macromolecules

Flashcards10 cards

What is actually stored inside a camel's hump?1 / 10

Fat — not water. The hump is made of fatty tissue that the camel's body can break down for energy when food is scarce.

Biology

Biology · L2 · Camels: Fat Storage and Fast Rehydration

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Biology · L2 · Camels: Fat Storage and Fast Rehydration

Collection5 items

01Biology · L3 · Coevolution Basics and the Red Queen Hypothesis

02Biology · L3 · Host-Parasite and Chemical Arms Races

03Biology · L3 · Coevolution and Arms Races Quiz

+2 more

Biology

Biology · L3 · Coevolution and Arms Races

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Biology · L3 · Coevolution and Arms Races

Flowchart9 objects

Biology

Biology · L3 · Meiosis: Making Genetically Distinct Sex Cells · flowchart

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Biology · L3 · Meiosis: Making Genetically Distinct Sex Cells · flowchart

Flashcards5 cards

Is a rock living or non-living?1 / 5

A rock is non-living. It does not grow, eat, or have babies. Living things do all of these.

Biology

Biology · L1 · Living and Non-Living Things

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Biology · L1 · Living and Non-Living Things

Flashcards10 cards

What job do flat, wide teeth do?1 / 10

Flat, wide teeth grind up tough food like grass and leaves.

Biology

Biology · L1 · Tooth Shapes and Jobs

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Biology · L1 · Tooth Shapes and Jobs

Flowchart9 objects

Biology

Biology · L3 · Allergies: The IgE-Histamine Pathway · flowchart

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Biology · L3 · Allergies: The IgE-Histamine Pathway · flowchart

Note~268 words · 1 min

Why Whales and Dolphins Must Surface to Breathe Whales and dolphins live in the ocean, but they are not fish. They are mammals, just like dogs, cats, and people. That means they have lungs, not gills, so they must breathe air. Lungs, Not Gi

Biology

Why Whales and Dolphins Must Surface to Breathe

@openstem

Why Whales and Dolphins Must Surface to Breathe

Flashcards9 cards

What is central tolerance, and where does the deletion of self-reactive T cells occur?1 / 9

Central tolerance is the process by which developing lymphocytes with receptors reactive to self-antigens are purged or functionally silenced within the primary lymphoid organs before entering the peripheral repertoire. For T cells this occurs in the thymic medulla, where double-positive (CD4+CD8+) thymocytes that have survived positive selection encounter self-peptide–MHC complexes presented by medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) and dendritic cells.

Biology

Biology · L5 · Immune Tolerance

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Biology · L5 · Immune Tolerance

Quiz5 questions

Roughly how much water can a single large tree transpire on a warm day?

AAbout 1 to 2 litersBAbout 100 to 400 litersCAbout 10,000 litersDAlmost none — trees mostly retain their water

Biology

Biology · L3 · Transpiration at Ecosystem Scale Quiz

@openstem

Biology · L3 · Transpiration at Ecosystem Scale Quiz

Quiz5 questions

Which statement best describes where antibiotic resistance genes come from in a bacterial population?

AThe antibiotic itself creates the resistance trait in bacteria that are exposed to itBResistant variants already exist in the population before the antibiotic is ever applied, due to natural genetic variationCBacteria develop resistance only after several generations of direct exposure to a drugDResistance appears at random the moment a bacterium senses an antibiotic nearby

Biology

Biology · L3 · How Antibiotic Resistance Evolves Quiz

@openstem

Biology · L3 · How Antibiotic Resistance Evolves Quiz

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