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Biology: explore STEM content (page 2 of 50) · openstem

All fields Software Mathematics Physics Chemistry Biology Engineering Astronomy Environmental Other Biology Biology groups

Explore STEM Content

Search the community's STEM library — free to study, yours to make your own.

Biology

Cells, genetics, ecology and physiology on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes, sketches and flowcharts shared by the community. Study free, or clone anything into your library.

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Biology

Biology · L3 · Guanine (DNA/RNA base)

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Biology · L3 · Guanine (DNA/RNA base)

Flowchart13 objects

Biology

Biology · L1 · Three Types of Camouflage

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Biology · L1 · Three Types of Camouflage

Quiz5 questions

A small population loses genetic diversity through drift, suffers inbreeding depression, declines further, and becomes even more vulnerable to further genetic loss and stochastic events. This self-reinforcing decline is called:

AA genetic bottleneckBAn extinction vortexCThe edge effectDAssisted migration

Biology

Biology · L4 · Conservation Biology Quiz

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Biology · L4 · Conservation Biology Quiz

Flashcards10 cards

What is the complement system, in broad terms?1 / 10

The complement system is a group of roughly 30 blood plasma proteins, produced mainly by the liver, that circulate in an inactive state and become sequentially activated in a cascade to help destroy pathogens and amplify both innate and adaptive immune responses.

Biology

Biology · L4 · Complement and Hypersensitivity

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Biology · L4 · Complement and Hypersensitivity

Collection5 items

01Biology · L2 · Why Food Spoils and How We Slow It Down

02Biology · L2 · Four Ways to Preserve Food

03Biology · L2 · Food Preservation Quiz

+2 more

Biology

Biology · L2 · Food Preservation

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Biology · L2 · Food Preservation

Quiz5 questions

In synthetic biology, what does it mean for an engineered genetic circuit component to be orthogonal to its host?

AIt operates using distinct transcriptional or translational machinery so that it does not cross-react with the host cell's endogenous regulatory networkBIt is physically inserted into the host genome at a 90-degree angle relative to the origin of replicationCIt is derived entirely from genes native to the host organismDIt requires no promoter because it is constitutively active at a fixed rate

Biology

Biology · L5 · Synthetic Biology Engineering Quiz

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Biology · L5 · Synthetic Biology Engineering Quiz

Collection4 items

01Plants and Trees Through the Seasons

02How Animals Respond to the Seasons

03Seasons and Living Things Quiz

+1 more

Biology

Biology · L1 · Seasons and Living Things

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Biology · L1 · Seasons and Living Things

Flashcards10 cards

What does it mean when a baby animal 'hatches'?1 / 10

It means the baby grew inside an egg outside its mother's body, and then broke out of the egg.

Biology

Biology · L1 · Hatched From an Egg

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Biology · L1 · Hatched From an Egg

Flowchart7 objects

Biology

Biology · L1 · From Egg to Chick

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Biology · L1 · From Egg to Chick

Note~228 words · 1 min

Allele and Genotype Frequencies Consider a biallelic autosomal locus with alleles A and a . Define allele frequencies: Derivation Under random mating in an infinite population with no selection, mutation, or migration, gametes unite at r

Biology

Biology · L5 · Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium: Derivation & Assumptions

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Biology · L5 · Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium: Derivation & Assumptions

Quiz10 questions

Where in the eukaryotic cell does glycolysis take place?

AMitochondrial matrixBInner mitochondrial membraneCCytosolDNucleus

Biology

Biology · L4 · Human Physiology & Biochemistry — 10 Q

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Biology · L4 · Human Physiology & Biochemistry — 10 Q

Note~1092 words · 5 min

Sensory Physiology and Transduction Mechanisms Every sense organ solves the same underlying problem: convert some feature of the physical or chemical world into a change in membrane potential that the nervous system can interpret. Despite t

Biology

Sensory Physiology and Transduction Mechanisms

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Sensory Physiology and Transduction Mechanisms

Flowchart11 objects

Biology

Biology · L3 · Sensory Receptor Types by Stimulus

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Biology · L3 · Sensory Receptor Types by Stimulus

Flowchart3 objects

Biology

Biology · L2 · Cellular Respiration Quiz · flowchart

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Biology · L2 · Cellular Respiration Quiz · flowchart

Collection5 items

01Biology · L5 · Glycobiology

02Biology · L5 · Glycobiology

03Biology · L5 · Selectin-Mediated Leukocyte Rolling Adhesion

+2 more

Biology

Biology · L5 · Glycobiology

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Biology · L5 · Glycobiology

Quiz5 questions

What is a principal advantage of shotgun metagenomic sequencing over 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing for characterizing a microbial community?

AIt is substantially cheaper per sample than 16S amplicon sequencing.BIt captures viruses, archaea, and eukaryotic microbes alongside bacteria and enables strain-level taxonomic resolution plus direct functional gene annotation, rather than being restricted to bacterial/archaeal 16S sequence.CIt works even when only trace amounts of degraded DNA are available.DIt requires no bioinformatic analysis after sequencing.

Biology

Biology · L5 · Metagenomics and Microbial Ecology

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Biology · L5 · Metagenomics and Microbial Ecology

Flowchart7 objects

Biology

Biology · L3 · Meiosis Mechanics Quiz · flowchart

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Biology · L3 · Meiosis Mechanics Quiz · flowchart

Quiz5 questions

Why do most cultured somatic cells stop dividing after a finite number of divisions (the Hayflick limit)?

AThey run out of available nutrients in any culture medium regardless of replenishment.BProgressive telomere shortening, due to the end-replication problem and low telomerase activity in most somatic cells, eventually triggers a persistent DNA damage response that enforces permanent cell-cycle arrest.CMitochondrial DNA is completely degraded after a fixed number of divisions.Dp53 is permanently inactivated after several rounds of division.

Biology

Biology · L5 · Aging Biology and Cellular Senescence

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Biology · L5 · Aging Biology and Cellular Senescence

Flowchart13 objects

Biology

Germ Layer Derivatives

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Germ Layer Derivatives

Flowchart7 objects

Biology

Biology · L2 · Hormones and Glands: Your Body's Messengers · flowchart

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Biology · L2 · Hormones and Glands: Your Body's Messengers · flowchart

Flowchart5 objects

Biology

Biology · L1 · Diving and Holding Their Breath · flowchart

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Biology · L1 · Diving and Holding Their Breath · flowchart

Collection5 items

01Biology · L1 · Born Alive

02Biology · L1 · Hatched From an Egg

03Biology · L1 · Born Alive or Hatched From an Egg? Quiz

+2 more

Biology

Biology · L1 · Born Alive or Hatched?

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Biology · L1 · Born Alive or Hatched?

Flowchart17 objects

Biology

Biology · L3 · Four Plant Hormones Beyond Auxin

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Biology · L3 · Four Plant Hormones Beyond Auxin

Flashcards10 cards

What is auxin, and where is it produced in a shoot?1 / 10

Auxin (mainly indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) is a plant hormone synthesized primarily in the shoot apical meristem and young leaves. It is transported downward through the stem in a polar, cell-to-cell fashion via PIN efflux carrier proteins, and it drives cell elongation, apical dominance, and tropic responses.

Biology

Biology · L4 · Plant Hormones

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Biology · L4 · Plant Hormones

Flashcards10 cards

What is a promoter, and how is its position defined relative to the transcription start site?1 / 10

A promoter is a DNA sequence upstream of a gene that RNA polymerase (directly, in bacteria, or via transcription factors, in eukaryotes) recognises and binds to initiate transcription. Positions are numbered relative to the transcription start site (+1): upstream sequences are negative (e.g. -10, -35), downstream sequences are positive. The promoter itself lies almost entirely upstream of +1.

Biology

Biology · L4 · Transcription in Depth

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Biology · L4 · Transcription in Depth

Note~218 words · 1 min

Enzymes of DNA replication DNA replication depends on a coordinated team of enzymes and proteins, each with a specific job in copying the genome quickly and accurately before a cell divides. Key enzymes and their roles Together, these enzym

Biology

Biology · L3 · Enzymes of DNA Replication

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Biology · L3 · Enzymes of DNA Replication

Flashcards10 cards

What is asexual reproduction?1 / 10

Asexual reproduction is a way of producing offspring from a single parent, with no mate needed. Because there is only one parent, the offspring are genetically identical (or nearly identical) copies of that parent — clones.

Biology