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All fields Software Mathematics Physics Chemistry Biology Engineering Astronomy Environmental Other Environmental Environmental groups

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Search the community's STEM library — free to study, yours to make your own.

Environmental

Geology, climate and the environment on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes, plots and sketches shared by the community. Study free, or clone anything into your library.

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Environmental: explore STEM content (page 20 of 27) · openstem

Flashcards8 cards

What does 'biodiversity' mean?1 / 8

Biodiversity is the variety of life in a place — how many different species live there, how genetically varied each species is, and how many different ecosystems exist across a region.

Environmental

Environmental · L2 · Biodiversity & Species Loss

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Environmental · L2 · Biodiversity & Species Loss

Collection4 items

01Environmental · L5 · Quantitative Biogeochemical Cycle Modeling

02Environmental · L5 · Box-Model Formulation of Biogeochemical Cycles

03Environmental · L5 · Box-Model Construction Workflow

+1 more

Environmental

Environmental · L5 · Quantitative Biogeochemical Cycle Modeling

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Environmental · L5 · Quantitative Biogeochemical Cycle Modeling

Flowchart21 objects

Environmental

Environmental · L2 · Three Paths to Renewable Electricity

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Environmental · L2 · Three Paths to Renewable Electricity

Note~143 words · 1 min

Why Do We Protect Land? Some places are so special — because of their wildlife, plants, or scenery — that countries decide to protect them by law. These become national parks or other protected places. Visitor Rules How Land Becomes a Prote

Environmental

Environmental · L1 · National Parks & Protected Places

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Environmental · L1 · National Parks & Protected Places

Flowchart7 objects

Environmental

Environmental · L2 · Layers of the Earth

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Environmental · L2 · Layers of the Earth

Collection4 items

01Environmental · L1 · Farming & Growing Our Food

02Environmental · L1 · Farming & Growing Our Food

03Environmental · L1 · From Farm to Table

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Environmental

Environmental · L1 · Farming & Growing Our Food

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Environmental · L1 · Farming & Growing Our Food

Collection4 items

01Environmental · L5 · Paleoclimate Proxies & Isotope Geochemistry

02Environmental · L5 · Paleoclimate Proxies and Isotope Geochemistry

03Environmental · L5 · From Raw Proxy Measurement to Climate Reconstruction

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Environmental

Environmental · L5 · Paleoclimate Proxies & Isotope Geochemistry

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Environmental · L5 · Paleoclimate Proxies & Isotope Geochemistry

Flowchart13 objects

Environmental

Environmental · L2 · Where Old Electronics End Up

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Environmental · L2 · Where Old Electronics End Up

Flowchart11 objects

Environmental

Environmental · L2 · How Fossil Fuels Form

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Environmental · L2 · How Fossil Fuels Form

Flowchart13 objects

Environmental

Environmental · L5 · Environmental Statistics: Trend Detection in Serially Correlated Data · flowchart

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Environmental · L5 · Environmental Statistics: Trend Detection in Serially Correlated Data · flowchart

Flowchart11 objects

Environmental

Environmental · L5 · Remote Sensing Retrieval and Inversion · flowchart

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Environmental · L5 · Remote Sensing Retrieval and Inversion · flowchart

Collection4 items

01Environmental · L2 · Comparing Energy Sources

02Environmental · L2 · Comparing Energy Sources

03Environmental · L2 · Choosing Between Energy Sources

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Environmental

Environmental · L2 · Comparing Energy Sources

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Environmental · L2 · Comparing Energy Sources

Quiz5 questions

What is the main reason land is turned into a national park?

ATo build more houses on itBTo protect its wildlife, plants, and sceneryCTo use it for farming onlyDTo sell it to visitors

Environmental

Environmental · L1 · National Parks & Protected Places Quiz

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Environmental · L1 · National Parks & Protected Places Quiz

Quiz5 questions

Glen's flow law ε̇ = Aτⁿ with n ≈ 3 implies that ice is:

AA Newtonian fluid, with strain rate directly proportional to stressBA strongly shear-thinning (non-Newtonian) fluid — strain rate grows much faster than stressCA rigid solid with no deformation under any stressDIndependent of temperature

Environmental

Environmental · L5 · Glaciology & Ice Sheet Dynamics

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Environmental · L5 · Glaciology & Ice Sheet Dynamics

Quiz5 questions

In the Richards equation, what makes it numerically much harder to solve than saturated (fully Darcy) groundwater flow?

AIt has no time derivativeBK(θ) and ψ(θ) are strongly nonlinear functions of water content, requiring iterative numerical solution methodsCIt only applies to frozen soilsDIt has no spatial derivatives

Environmental

Environmental · L5 · Hydrological Modeling

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Environmental · L5 · Hydrological Modeling

Flashcards8 cards

What does 'sustainable agriculture' mean, in simple terms?1 / 8

Farming methods designed to produce food long-term without depleting the soil, water, and biodiversity that future harvests depend on — meeting today's needs without undermining tomorrow's ability to farm the same land.

Environmental

Environmental · L2 · Sustainable Agriculture

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Environmental · L2 · Sustainable Agriculture

Flashcards8 cards

Contrast a cohort study with a case-control study, and state the key design trade-off between them for studying an environmental exposure.1 / 8

A cohort study follows a group defined by exposure status forward in time to compare disease incidence between exposed and unexposed groups — it can estimate incidence and relative risk directly, and exposure is measured before disease onset (reducing recall bias), but it's slow and expensive, especially for rare outcomes. A case-control study instead starts with cases (people who already have the disease) and matched controls, then looks BACKWARD at exposure history — much faster and cheaper for rare diseases, but exposure is reconstructed retrospectively, which is especially vulnerable to recall bias and reverse-causation concerns for environmental exposures that are hard to measure historically.

Environmental

Environmental · L5 · Environmental Epidemiology: Study Design & Causal Inference

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Environmental · L5 · Environmental Epidemiology: Study Design & Causal Inference

Collection4 items

01Environmental · L5 · Environmental Statistics: Trend Detection

02Environmental · L5 · Environmental Statistics: Trend Detection in Serially Correlated Data

03Environmental · L5 · Robust Trend Detection Workflow

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Environmental

Environmental · L5 · Environmental Statistics: Trend Detection

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Environmental · L5 · Environmental Statistics: Trend Detection

Quiz5 questions

What was a key limitation of the Kyoto Protocol's structure?

AIt set binding targets only for developed nations, and the US never ratified itBIt had no targets of any kindCIt applied only to developing nationsDIt required no international cooperation at all

Environmental

Environmental · L3 · Environmental Policy & International Agreements

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Environmental · L3 · Environmental Policy & International Agreements

Flashcards7 cards

What is air pollution?1 / 7

Air pollution is when smoke, gases, or tiny particles make the air dirty and unhealthy to breathe.

Environmental

Environmental · L1 · Air Pollution & Clean Air

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Environmental · L1 · Air Pollution & Clean Air

Flashcards8 cards

Name the three major sources of uncertainty in a climate projection, and briefly distinguish them.1 / 8

1) Scenario uncertainty — we don't know future greenhouse gas emissions/socioeconomic pathways, so projections are conditional on assumed scenarios (e.g. SSP2-4.5, SSP5-8.5), not unconditional forecasts. 2) Model (structural/response) uncertainty — different climate models, even under the identical scenario, disagree because they encode different physical parameterizations (clouds, ocean mixing). 3) Internal variability — the climate system's own chaotic, unforced fluctuations (like ENSO) mean even a single model run under a fixed scenario would differ from another run with slightly different initial conditions. All three add uncertainty, but their RELATIVE importance shifts with projection horizon.

Environmental

Environmental · L5 · Climate Model Uncertainty Quantification & Bayesian Calibration

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Environmental · L5 · Climate Model Uncertainty Quantification & Bayesian Calibration

Flowchart9 objects

Environmental

Environmental · L4 · Human Health Risk Assessment · flowchart

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Environmental · L4 · Human Health Risk Assessment · flowchart

Note~359 words · 2 min

Integrated Assessment Models: Coupling Economy, Climate, and Damages An Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) links three sub-modules into a single framework for exploring climate-economy trade-offs: an economic module projecting growth and emi

Environmental

Environmental · L5 · Integrated Assessment Models and the Social Cost of Carbon

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Environmental · L5 · Integrated Assessment Models and the Social Cost of Carbon

Collection4 items

01Environmental · L3 · Coral Bleaching Mechanism

02Environmental · L3 · Coral Bleaching Mechanism

03Environmental · L3 · Coral Bleaching: From Heat Stress to Recovery or Death

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Environmental

Environmental · L3 · Coral Bleaching Mechanism

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Environmental · L3 · Coral Bleaching Mechanism

Quiz5 questions

Why do greenhouse gases warm the surface more than sunlight alone would?

AThey block incoming sunlight entirelyBThey absorb and re-radiate outgoing longwave (infrared) radiation, trapping some of it near the surfaceCThey increase the Sun's outputDThey have no measurable effect on temperature

Environmental

Environmental · L3 · Climate Feedback Loops

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Environmental · L3 · Climate Feedback Loops

Quiz5 questions

What is a landfill?

AA place where recycling is sortedBA large area of land where rubbish is buriedCA bin for food scrapsDA factory that makes new plastic

Environmental

Environmental · L1 · Litter, Landfills & Composting Quiz

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Environmental · L1 · Litter, Landfills & Composting Quiz

Flowchart9 objects

Environmental

Environmental · L4 · Renewable Energy Systems Engineering · flowchart

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Environmental · L4 · Renewable Energy Systems Engineering · flowchart

Collection4 items

01Environmental · L1 · Renewable & Clean Energy

02Environmental · L1 · Renewable & Clean Energy

03Environmental · L1 · Three Ways to Make Clean Electricity

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Environmental

Environmental · L1 · Renewable & Clean Energy

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Environmental · L1 · Renewable & Clean Energy

Collection4 items

01Environmental · L3 · Ecological Footprint & Biocapacity

02Environmental · L3 · Ecological Footprint & Biocapacity

03Environmental · L3 · Ecological Footprint vs Biocapacity

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Environmental

Environmental · L3 · Ecological Footprint & Biocapacity

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Environmental · L3 · Ecological Footprint & Biocapacity

Quiz5 questions

What is the key structural difference between the phosphorus cycle and the nitrogen/carbon cycles?

APhosphorus is radioactiveBPhosphorus has no significant atmospheric (gas) phaseCPhosphorus is only found in animalsDPhosphorus does not exist in rock

Environmental

Environmental · L3 · The Phosphorus Cycle

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Environmental · L3 · The Phosphorus Cycle

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