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Chemistry: explore STEM content (page 32 of 47) · openstem
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Chemistry
Reactions, bonding and organic chemistry on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes and molecule structures shared by the community. Study free, or clone into your library.
Catalysts in industry: a gallery beyond Haber and Contact You've already seen iron and vanadium(V) oxide as industrial catalysts — iron in the Haber process, vanadium(V) oxide in the Contact process. A catalyst still means the same thing ev
What is a back titration (indirect titration), and why use one instead of titrating the analyte directly?1 / 10
A back titration adds a KNOWN, precisely measured EXCESS of a standard reagent to the sample — enough to react completely with the analyte — then titrates the LEFTOVER (unreacted) excess with a second standard solution. It's used when the analyte can't be titrated directly: e.g. it's an insoluble solid, it reacts too slowly with a titrant to give a stable endpoint, or no indicator gives a sharp colour change for the direct reaction.
Chirality Without a Stereocenter Ordinary (point) chirality requires a stereocenter: an atom bonded to four different substituents arranged tetrahedrally, whose mirror image cannot be superimposed on the original. Atropisomerism produces ch
Chemistry
Chemistry · L5 · Atropisomerism and Axial Chirality
According to kinetic molecular theory, what is true about the AVERAGE kinetic energy of different gases at the same temperature?1 / 10
All gases at the same temperature have the same average translational kinetic energy, regardless of their identity or molar mass: KE_avg = (3/2)RT, which depends only on T. Since KE = ½mv², a heavier molecule (larger m) must have a proportionally smaller average v² to keep KE the same as a lighter molecule's — heavier molecules simply move slower, on average, at a given temperature.
Chemistry
Chemistry · L4 · Effusion, Diffusion & Graham's Law
Chemistry Without a Solvent: Mechanical Activation Most synthetic organic chemistry dissolves reactants in a solvent so that molecules can diffuse together and react homogeneously. Mechanochemistry instead brings solid reactants into intima
Organic synthesis routes: retrosynthetic analysis and a worked example Planning a multi-step organic synthesis rarely starts by asking 'what does this starting material turn into?' — it starts at the TARGET and works backwards. Retrosynthet
Chemistry
Chemistry · L4 · Retrosynthetic analysis and a worked multi-step synthesis
Why Two Dimensions? A 1D ¹H spectrum plots intensity against a single chemical-shift axis. For a small molecule that is plenty — but for a molecule with many chemically similar protons, peaks pile up and overlap until individual multiplets
AAn atom's tendency to pull the electrons it shares in a bond toward itselfBThe number of valence electrons an atom hasCAn atom's atomic massDThe number of bonds an atom can form
Chemistry
Chemistry · L3 · Electronegativity and Bond Polarity — 6 Q
Coordination complexes: ligands, naming, and why they're colored A coordination complex has a central transition metal ion surrounded by ligands — molecules or ions that each donate a lone electron pair to the metal, forming a coordinate (d