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Biology: explore STEM content (page 8 of 50) · openstem

All fields Software Mathematics Physics Chemistry Biology Engineering Astronomy Environmental Other Biology Biology groups

Explore STEM Content

Search the community's STEM library — free to study, yours to make your own.

Biology

Cells, genetics, ecology and physiology on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes, sketches and flowcharts shared by the community. Study free, or clone anything into your library.

Content Groups1

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Flashcards10 cards

What is a genetic disorder?1 / 10

A health condition caused, at least in part, by a change (mutation) in an organism's DNA or by an abnormal number of chromosomes. Some genetic disorders are inherited from parents; others arise from a new mutation.

Biology

Biology · L3 · Genetic Disorders Vocabulary

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Biology · L3 · Genetic Disorders Vocabulary

Flashcards10 cards

What is deep homology, and why did it force a revision of how comparative biologists think about morphological novelty?1 / 10

Deep homology is the conservation of the same underlying gene regulatory circuitry across lineages whose morphological structures are not themselves homologous by classical criteria — the structures may have arisen independently, but the genetic machinery that builds them was inherited from a common ancestor and redeployed. The Pax6/eyeless case is paradigmatic: insect compound eyes and vertebrate camera eyes were long treated as textbook convergent evolution, yet both are built under the control of orthologous Pax6-class transcription factors. Deep homology reframes 'independent evolution' claims — the toolkit gene is homologous even when the resulting organ's architecture is not, so morphological convergence at the anatomical level can sit atop genetic conservation at the regulatory level.

Biology

Biology · L5 · The Conserved Developmental Toolkit

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Biology · L5 · The Conserved Developmental Toolkit

MoleculeOCC1OC(O)C(O)C(O)C1O

Biology

Biology · L3 · Glucose

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Biology · L3 · Glucose

Flashcards10 cards

What is a neuron?1 / 10

A neuron is a nerve cell — a special cell built to receive a message, carry it along, and pass it on to the next cell. Neurons are the basic building blocks of the whole nervous system.

Biology

Biology · L2 · Meet the Neuron

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Biology · L2 · Meet the Neuron

Note~230 words · 1 min

Animal Lifespans at a Glance An animal's lifespan is the total length of time it is alive, from birth or hatching all the way to death. Lifespan is not the same thing as how long an animal takes to grow up — a mouse reaches adulthood in jus

Biology

Biology · L2 · Animal Lifespans at a Glance

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Biology · L2 · Animal Lifespans at a Glance

Flashcards10 cards

What does it mean when a baby animal is 'born alive'?1 / 10

It means the baby grows inside its mother's body and comes out already formed, not from an egg.

Biology

Biology · L1 · Born Alive

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Biology · L1 · Born Alive

Quiz5 questions

In CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, what is the job of the guide RNA?

ATo provide energy for the Cas9 protein to moveBTo match up with the target DNA sequence and lead Cas9 to the right spotCTo repair the DNA after it has been cutDTo copy the entire genome before editing begins

Biology

Biology · L3 · Gene Editing with CRISPR Quiz

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Biology · L3 · Gene Editing with CRISPR Quiz

Flashcards10 cards

What are a bird's feet used for?1 / 10

Birds use their feet for walking, swimming, catching food, and holding onto branches.

Biology

Biology · L1 · Bird Feet: Shaped for the Job

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Biology · L1 · Bird Feet: Shaped for the Job

Flowchart19 objects

Biology

Biology · L3 · From Skin Layer to Function

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Biology · L3 · From Skin Layer to Function

Flashcards10 cards

What did Takahashi and Yamanaka demonstrate in 2006, and what are the four original Yamanaka factors?1 / 10

Takahashi and Yamanaka showed that forced retroviral expression of just four transcription factors, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc, collectively OSKM, is sufficient to reprogram a terminally differentiated mouse fibroblast into an induced pluripotent stem cell functionally and molecularly resembling an embryonic stem cell.

Biology

Biology · L5 · Reprogramming and Regenerative Biology

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Biology · L5 · Reprogramming and Regenerative Biology

Collection5 items

01Biology · L5 · Experimental Structure Determination

02Biology · L5 · Molecular Chaperones & Protein Quality Control

03Biology · L5 · Determining Structure, Then Quality-Controlling It: From Diffraction to Chaperone-Mediated Folding

+2 more

Biology

Biology · L5 · Structural Biology and Protein Chaperones

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Biology · L5 · Structural Biology and Protein Chaperones

Flowchart5 objects

Biology

Biology · L1 · Hatching and Growing Up · flowchart

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Biology · L1 · Hatching and Growing Up · flowchart

Collection5 items

01Biology · L4 · Cardiac Output and the Cardiac Cycle

02Biology · L4 · Blood Pressure Regulation

03Biology · L4 · The Baroreceptor Reflex

+2 more

Biology

Biology · L4 · Cardiovascular Physiology

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Biology · L4 · Cardiovascular Physiology

Flowchart7 objects

Biology

Biology · L3 · Asexual Reproduction Strategies · flowchart

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Biology · L3 · Asexual Reproduction Strategies · flowchart

Flowchart11 objects

Biology

Biology · L2 · Parts of an Animal Cell

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Biology · L2 · Parts of an Animal Cell

Quiz5 questions

What shape are teeth that grind up plants?

ASharp and pointyBFlat and wideCLong and thinDCurved and hollow

Biology

Biology · L1 · Animal Teeth Quiz

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Biology · L1 · Animal Teeth Quiz

Flowchart13 objects

Biology

Biology · L1 · Bird Feet: Shaped for the Job

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Biology · L1 · Bird Feet: Shaped for the Job

Flashcards10 cards

What is turgor pressure?1 / 10

Turgor pressure is the outward push of water inside a plant cell against its rigid cell wall. When cells are full of water, this pressure keeps them firm, which is what holds a plant upright.

Biology

Biology · L2 · Wilting and Water Balance

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Biology · L2 · Wilting and Water Balance

Quiz5 questions

Photorespiration occurs when rubisco binds which molecule instead of CO2, and what is a consequence of this reaction?

AWater; it produces excess NADPHBOxygen; it produces 2-phosphoglycolate and releases previously fixed carbon as CO2CNitrogen; it fixes additional nitrogen into amino acidsDMalate; it stores carbon for later use

Biology

Biology · L4 · Photosynthesis (C3, C4, CAM) Quiz

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Biology · L4 · Photosynthesis (C3, C4, CAM) Quiz

Collection5 items

01Biology · L4 · The Action Potential in Ion-Channel Detail

02Biology · L4 · Synaptic Transmission and Neurotransmitters

03Biology · L4 · Neurobiology Quiz

+2 more

Biology

Biology · L4 · Neurobiology

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Biology · L4 · Neurobiology

Collection5 items

01Biology · L3 · Endocytosis and Exocytosis Vocabulary

02Biology · L3 · Bulk Transport in Action: Immunity, Cholesterol, and Signaling

03Biology · L3 · Endocytosis and Exocytosis Quiz

+2 more

Biology

Biology · L3 · Endocytosis and Exocytosis

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Biology · L3 · Endocytosis and Exocytosis

Flashcards10 cards

What are your first teeth called?1 / 10

Your first teeth are called baby teeth. They are also called primary teeth.

Biology

Biology · L1 · Losing Baby Teeth

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Biology · L1 · Losing Baby Teeth

Note~537 words · 3 min

The Nitrogen Cycle in Depth Nitrogen makes up about 78% of Earth's atmosphere, yet most living things cannot use it in that form. Atmospheric nitrogen exists as N2, two nitrogen atoms locked together by an extremely strong triple bond that

Biology

Biology · L3 · The Nitrogen Cycle in Depth

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Biology · L3 · The Nitrogen Cycle in Depth

Note~1114 words · 6 min

Cell Signaling and Cell Cycle Regulation Multicellular life depends on cells communicating accurately with one another and responding appropriately to their internal state. Two systems make this possible: signal transduction pathways that c

Biology

Cell Signaling and Cell Cycle Regulation

@openstem

Cell Signaling and Cell Cycle Regulation

Flashcards10 cards

What is the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and what is a typical value in a healthy adult?1 / 10

GFR is the volume of filtrate formed by both kidneys per minute, typically ~125 mL/min (~180 L/day). Only ~1-1.5 L is excreted as urine each day because more than 99% of the filtrate is reabsorbed along the nephron.

Biology

Biology · L4 · Nephron Function In Depth

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Biology · L4 · Nephron Function In Depth

Collection6 items

01Biology · L4 · Hemoglobin, Gas Transport, and Hemostasis

02Biology · L4 · Hematology and Blood Physiology Quiz

03Hematology and Blood Physiology

+3 more

Biology

Biology · L4 · Hematology and Blood Physiology

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Biology · L4 · Hematology and Blood Physiology

Flashcards10 cards

Who was Robert Hooke?1 / 10

Robert Hooke was an English scientist who, in 1665, used one of the first compound microscopes to examine a thin slice of cork cut from a tree.

Biology

Biology · L2 · The Discovery of Cells and Cell Theory

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Biology · L2 · The Discovery of Cells and Cell Theory

Collection5 items

01Biology · L1 · Caring for Pets

02Biology · L1 · Caring for Farm Animals

03Biology · L1 · Caring for Pets and Farm Animals Quiz

+2 more

Biology

Biology · L1 · Caring for Pets and Farm Animals

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Biology · L1 · Caring for Pets and Farm Animals

Quiz5 questions

A herring gull chick pecks more at an artificial bill with an exaggerated red spot than at a real parent bill. This demonstrates:

AHabituation to a repeated stimulusBA supernormal stimulus exploiting the rules of a sign-stimulus releasing mechanismCOperant conditioning through reinforcementDLatent learning expressed without reward

Biology

Biology · L4 · Animal Behavior and Ethology Quiz

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Biology · L4 · Animal Behavior and Ethology Quiz

Flashcards9 cards

Which two body systems work together to deliver oxygen to your muscles during exercise?1 / 9

The respiratory system (your lungs) and the circulatory system (your heart and blood) work as one connected chain to deliver oxygen to your muscles.

Biology

Biology · L2 · How Breathing and Circulation Connect

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Biology · L2 · How Breathing and Circulation Connect

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