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Biology: explore STEM content (page 5 of 50) · openstem

All fields Software Mathematics Physics Chemistry Biology Engineering Astronomy Environmental Other Biology Biology groups

Explore STEM Content

Search the community's STEM library — free to study, yours to make your own.

Biology

Cells, genetics, ecology and physiology on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes, sketches and flowcharts shared by the community. Study free, or clone anything into your library.

Content Groups1

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Flashcards10 cards

What is a muscle?1 / 10

A muscle is a bundle of tissue that can contract, or shorten, to create movement. You have over 600 muscles in your body.

Biology

Biology · L2 · Muscles at Work

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Biology · L2 · Muscles at Work

Flowchart9 objects

Biology

Biology · L2 · From Pollination to a New Plant

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Biology · L2 · From Pollination to a New Plant

Note~353 words · 2 min

Aging Biology and Cellular Senescence Aging biology seeks to explain why age-specific mortality risk rises with striking regularity across species — closely fit by the empirical Gompertz law of exponentially increasing hazard — in terms of

Biology

Biology · L5 · Aging Biology and Cellular Senescence

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Biology · L5 · Aging Biology and Cellular Senescence

Flashcards9 cards

Describe the TIR1/AFB auxin co-receptor mechanism and how it triggers rapid transcriptional derepression of auxin-responsive genes.1 / 9

Auxin (indole-3-acetic acid) is perceived by a co-receptor mechanism in which the F-box protein TIR1 (or one of its AFB paralogs), a substrate-recognition subunit of an SCF-type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, directly binds auxin as a 'molecular glue' that increases TIR1's affinity for Aux/IAA repressor proteins — auxin therefore acts not by inducing a conformational change in a separate receptor but by promoting a protein-protein interaction between TIR1 and its substrate.

Biology

Biology · L5 · Advanced Plant Molecular Biology

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Biology · L5 · Advanced Plant Molecular Biology

Quiz5 questions

Which of these is an example of a physical adaptation?

AA bird migrating south for winterBA bear hibernating through winterCAn arctic fox's white furDWolves hunting together in a pack

Biology

Biology · L2 · Adaptation and Survival Quiz

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Biology · L2 · Adaptation and Survival Quiz

Quiz5 questions

Which base pairs with adenine in a DNA molecule?

AGuanineBThymineCCytosineDUracil

Biology

Biology · L3 · DNA Structure and Replication Quiz

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Biology · L3 · DNA Structure and Replication Quiz

Collection4 items

01Biology · L2 · Physical Adaptations

02Biology · L2 · Behavioral Adaptations

03Biology · L2 · Adaptation and Survival Quiz

+1 more

Biology

Biology · L2 · Adaptation and Survival

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Biology · L2 · Adaptation and Survival

Quiz5 questions

Which bone tissue forms the dense outer layer of bones and is organized into structural units called osteons?

ASpongy boneBCompact boneCArticular cartilageDRed bone marrow

Biology

Biology · L3 · The Skeletal System Quiz

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Biology · L3 · The Skeletal System Quiz

Note~362 words · 2 min

Cellular Respiration in Detail Cellular respiration breaks down glucose step by step to release its stored energy as ATP. Rather than happening all at once, the process runs through three main stages, each in a different part of the cell, t

Biology

Biology · L3 · Cellular Respiration in Detail

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Biology · L3 · Cellular Respiration in Detail

Collection4 items

01Biology · L5 · Bioinformatic Sequence Analysis

02Biology · L5 · Bioinformatic Sequence Analysis

03Biology · L5 · BLAST Search Pipeline

+1 more

Biology

Biology · L5 · Bioinformatic Sequence Analysis

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Biology · L5 · Bioinformatic Sequence Analysis

Flowchart12 objects

Biology

Biology · L2 · Why Leaves Are Green (and Why They Change Color) · flowchart

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Biology · L2 · Why Leaves Are Green (and Why They Change Color) · flowchart

Flowchart9 objects

Biology

Caring for Pets and Farm Animals · flowchart

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Caring for Pets and Farm Animals · flowchart

Flowchart7 objects

Biology

Biology · L2 · Meet the Plants That Fight Back · flowchart

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Biology · L2 · Meet the Plants That Fight Back · flowchart

Flashcards10 cards

What is the fundamental distinction between distance-based and character-based methods of phylogenetic tree construction?1 / 10

Distance-based methods first reduce the full character (sequence) data to a single pairwise distance matrix and then build a tree that best fits those distances (e.g. minimizing total branch length or satisfying additivity). Character-based methods instead evaluate candidate trees directly against the original character-state data (individual sites), retaining information about which specific characters support which groupings rather than collapsing everything into a scalar distance.

Biology

Biology · L5 · Phylogenetic Tree Construction

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Biology · L5 · Phylogenetic Tree Construction

Flashcards10 cards

What is a motor unit, and what two components does it comprise?1 / 10

A motor unit is the functional unit of skeletal muscle control: one alpha motor neuron together with every muscle fiber it innervates via neuromuscular junctions. Because the neuron's action potential is all-or-none, stimulating it activates all of its fibers simultaneously and maximally.

Biology

Biology · L4 · Motor Units & Muscle Fiber Types

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Biology · L4 · Motor Units & Muscle Fiber Types

Flowchart7 objects

Biology

Biology · L3 · Endocytosis and Exocytosis: Moving Bulk Material Across the Membrane · flowchart

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Biology · L3 · Endocytosis and Exocytosis: Moving Bulk Material Across the Membrane · flowchart

Flowchart7 objects

Biology

Biology · L1 · A Ladybird's Life Cycle

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Biology · L1 · A Ladybird's Life Cycle

Note~214 words · 1 min

The Respiratory System The respiratory system moves air between the atmosphere and the bloodstream, supplying oxygen for cellular respiration and removing carbon dioxide, its waste product. It can be divided into a series of structures that

Biology

Biology · L3 · The Respiratory System

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Biology · L3 · The Respiratory System

Flowchart11 objects

Biology

Biology · L1 · What Tooth Shape Tells You

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Biology · L1 · What Tooth Shape Tells You

Flashcards10 cards

What is sensory transduction, in general terms?1 / 10

Sensory transduction is the conversion of a physical or chemical stimulus (light, sound pressure, mechanical deformation, or a chemical ligand) into a change in membrane potential of a specialized receptor cell — a receptor potential. Nearly every modality funnels through the same underlying logic: a stimulus alters the open probability of an ion channel, either directly or via a second-messenger cascade, changing ionic current and thus membrane voltage, which then modulates neurotransmitter release or action potential firing.

Biology

Biology · L4 · Phototransduction and Transduction Principles

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Biology · L4 · Phototransduction and Transduction Principles

Quiz5 questions

How many legs does an insect have?

A4B6C8D10

Biology

Biology · L1 · Bugs and Minibeasts Quiz

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Biology · L1 · Bugs and Minibeasts Quiz

Note~528 words · 3 min

Animal Thermoregulation Strategies Every animal must keep its body temperature within a range where its cells can function, but different animal groups have evolved very different ways to do this. Rather than one universal solution, animals

Biology

Biology · L3 · Animal Thermoregulation Strategies

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Biology · L3 · Animal Thermoregulation Strategies

Note~284 words · 1 min

Two Ways to Grow Up: Complete and Incomplete Metamorphosis Many insects don't just get bigger as they grow — their whole body shape changes. This process is called metamorphosis, and insects go through it in one of two very different ways:

Biology

Biology · L2 · Two Ways to Grow Up: Complete and Incomplete Metamorphosis

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Biology · L2 · Two Ways to Grow Up: Complete and Incomplete Metamorphosis

Note~411 words · 2 min

Protein Folding and Molecular Chaperones A newly synthesized polypeptide must navigate an enormous conformational space to reach its functional native structure, assisted at nearly every step by molecular chaperones that prevent aggregation

Biology

Biology · L5 · Protein Folding and Molecular Chaperones

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Biology · L5 · Protein Folding and Molecular Chaperones

Flashcards10 cards

Define the biological species concept, and name one limitation of it.1 / 10

The biological species concept defines a species as a group of populations whose members can interbreed and produce fertile offspring in nature, and which are reproductively isolated from other such groups. It cannot be applied to asexual organisms (e.g. many bacteria), to fossils (where reproductive compatibility cannot be observed), or cleanly to organisms that hybridize extensively despite being otherwise distinct (e.g. many plants), which is why other species concepts (morphological, phylogenetic, ecological) are used alongside it.

Biology

Biology · L4 · Modes of Speciation

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Biology · L4 · Modes of Speciation

Flashcards10 cards

What is a mollusk?1 / 10

A mollusk is an invertebrate with a soft body, and in most species that soft body is protected by a hard shell. Snails, clams, and octopuses are all mollusks.

Biology

Biology · L2 · Major Invertebrate Groups

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Biology · L2 · Major Invertebrate Groups

Note~767 words · 4 min

Renal physiology: filtration, reabsorption, and hormonal control The kidneys maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis through three basic processes acting along each nephron: filtration (bulk movement of plasma into the tubule

Biology