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All fields Software Mathematics Physics Chemistry Biology Engineering Astronomy Environmental Other Biology Biology groups

Explore STEM Content

Search the community's STEM library — free to study, yours to make your own.

Biology

Cells, genetics, ecology and physiology on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes, sketches and flowcharts shared by the community. Study free, or clone anything into your library.

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Biology: explore STEM content (page 27 of 50) · openstem

Collection5 items

01Biology · L1 · Bird Beaks: Shaped for the Job

02Biology · L1 · Bird Feet: Shaped for the Job

03Biology · L1 · Bird Beaks and Feet Quiz

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Biology

Biology · L1 · Bird Beaks and Feet

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Biology · L1 · Bird Beaks and Feet

Flowchart6 objects

Biology

Biology · L2 · Animal Lifespans at a Glance · flowchart

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Biology · L2 · Animal Lifespans at a Glance · flowchart

Quiz5 questions

Which of these best describes a genetically modified organism (GMO)?

AAn organism whose genes have been deliberately changed by scientists to give it a new traitBAny organism that has been selectively bred by farmers over many generationsCAn organism that developed a random new mutation entirely on its ownDAn organism that has been cloned from an adult body cell

Biology

Biology · L3 · Cloning and GMOs Quiz

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Biology · L3 · Cloning and GMOs Quiz

Flashcards10 cards

What is a standardized biological part (e.g., a BioBrick), and why does standardization matter for genetic engineering at scale?1 / 10

A standardized biological part is a DNA sequence encoding a defined biological function (promoter, RBS, coding sequence, terminator) that is characterized under a common set of conditions and packaged with uniform physical interfaces (e.g., BioBrick RFC10 flanking restriction sites: EcoRI/XbaI upstream, SpeI/PstI downstream) so parts can be assembled interchangeably without re-engineering junctions.

Biology

Biology · L5 · Synthetic Biology Design Principles

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Biology · L5 · Synthetic Biology Design Principles

Flowchart7 objects

Biology

Biology · L3 · Endocytosis and Exocytosis Quiz · flowchart

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Biology · L3 · Endocytosis and Exocytosis Quiz · flowchart

Flashcards10 cards

What is a succulent plant?1 / 10

A succulent is a plant with thick, fleshy stems or leaves that store extra water inside, letting it survive long periods without rain.

Biology

Biology · L2 · Thick Stems and Leaves That Store Water

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Biology · L2 · Thick Stems and Leaves That Store Water

Flashcards9 cards

What is animal communication?1 / 9

Animal communication is the sending and receiving of signals between animals that share information, such as where food is, whether danger is near, or who wants to be a mate.

Biology

Biology · L2 · Sound and Movement Signals in Animals

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Biology · L2 · Sound and Movement Signals in Animals

Flashcards10 cards

What is a negative feedback loop, in the context of the endocrine system?1 / 10

A control mechanism in which rising levels of a hormone (or the product it causes) inhibit further release of that hormone, or of the signals that triggered it. This keeps hormone levels within a stable, healthy range and is the basis of most endocrine regulation.

Biology

Biology · L3 · Hormone Action and Feedback

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Biology · L3 · Hormone Action and Feedback

Flowchart9 objects

Biology

Biology · L2 · Food Groups and a Balanced Diet · flowchart

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Biology · L2 · Food Groups and a Balanced Diet · flowchart

Flowchart9 objects

Biology

Biology · L2 · The Amazing Diversity of Invertebrates · flowchart

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Biology · L2 · The Amazing Diversity of Invertebrates · flowchart

Collection10 items

01Biology · L3 · Logistic Population Growth

02Biology · L3 · Enzyme Kinetics (Michaelis–Menten)

03Biology · L3 · Exponential Decay (Drug Clearance)

+7 more

Biology

Biology · L3 · Quantitative Biology: Plots and More Molecules

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Biology · L3 · Quantitative Biology: Plots and More Molecules

Quiz5 questions

How does auxin binding to TIR1 trigger transcriptional activation of auxin-responsive genes?

AAuxin directly binds ARF transcription factors to activate them without involving any other proteins.BAuxin acts as a molecular glue increasing TIR1's affinity for Aux/IAA repressor proteins, triggering their polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation, which releases ARF transcription factors to activate transcription.CAuxin inhibits the SCF-TIR1/AFB E3 ubiquitin ligase complex entirely.DAuxin permanently prevents any degradation of Aux/IAA proteins.

Biology

Biology · L5 · Advanced Plant Molecular Biology

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Biology · L5 · Advanced Plant Molecular Biology

Flashcards9 cards

Describe the biosynthesis of N-linked glycans, from the dolichol-phosphate-linked oligosaccharide precursor through en bloc transfer and initial ER trimming.1 / 9

N-linked glycosylation begins with stepwise assembly of a 14-sugar oligosaccharide precursor (Glc3Man9GlcNAc2) on the lipid carrier dolichol phosphate, embedded in the ER membrane, built up by a series of glycosyltransferases acting first on the cytoplasmic face and then, after the growing chain flips to the luminal face, on the ER luminal side.

Biology

Biology · L5 · Glycobiology

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Biology · L5 · Glycobiology

Flowchart7 objects

Biology

Animal Homes: Nests, Burrows, Shells, and Webs · flowchart

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Animal Homes: Nests, Burrows, Shells, and Webs · flowchart

Collection5 items

01Biology · L2 · Roots, Stems, and Leaves

02Biology · L2 · Flowers, Pollination, and Seeds

03Biology · L2 · Plant Structures and Reproduction Quiz

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Biology

Biology · L2 · Plant Structures and Reproduction

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Biology · L2 · Plant Structures and Reproduction

Flowchart7 objects

Biology

Biology · L3 · The Reproductive System · flowchart

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Biology · L3 · The Reproductive System · flowchart

Flashcards9 cards

Describe the general three-tier architecture shared by the HPA, HPT, and HPG axes.1 / 9

Each axis follows the same hierarchy: (1) the hypothalamus secretes a releasing hormone into the hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system, (2) the anterior pituitary responds by secreting a tropic hormone into the systemic circulation, and (3) the tropic hormone stimulates a peripheral target gland to secrete its own hormone, which acts on body tissues and feeds back to shut off steps 1 and 2.

Biology

Biology · L4 · Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axes

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Biology · L4 · Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axes

Flowchart11 objects

Biology

Biology · L5 · Necroptosis Signaling Pathway

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Biology · L5 · Necroptosis Signaling Pathway

Quiz5 questions

Which macronutrient provides about 9 kilocalories per gram — roughly double the energy of the other two?

ACarbohydrateBProteinCFatDVitamin

Biology

Biology · L3 · Human Nutrition Quiz

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Biology · L3 · Human Nutrition Quiz

Quiz5 questions

Put these steps in the correct order to trace how oxygen gets from the air to your muscles.

ALungs take in oxygen → Blood picks up oxygen → Heart pumps blood → Muscles use oxygenBHeart pumps blood → Lungs take in oxygen → Muscles use oxygen → Blood picks up oxygenCMuscles use oxygen → Blood picks up oxygen → Heart pumps blood → Lungs take in oxygenDBlood picks up oxygen → Muscles use oxygen → Lungs take in oxygen → Heart pumps blood

Biology

Biology · L2 · Body Systems Working Together Quiz

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Biology · L2 · Body Systems Working Together Quiz

Flowchart17 objects

Biology

Biology · L3 · Single-Gene vs Chromosomal Disorders

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Biology · L3 · Single-Gene vs Chromosomal Disorders

Quiz5 questions

What is transpiration?

AThe absorption of minerals by rootsBThe loss of water vapor from a plant, mostly through the stomataCThe production of sugar in leavesDThe transfer of pollen between flowers

Biology

Biology · L2 · Transpiration Quiz

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Biology · L2 · Transpiration Quiz

Quiz5 questions

A negative-sense single-stranded RNA virus must package which enzyme within its virion to establish infection, and why?

AReverse transcriptase, to convert its genome into DNABRNA-dependent RNA polymerase, because the genome cannot be read directly by host ribosomes as mRNACIntegrase, to insert its genome into the host chromosomeDDNA polymerase, to replicate its genome

Biology

Biology · L4 · Virology Basics Quiz

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Biology · L4 · Virology Basics Quiz

Quiz5 questions

A group of closely related freshwater fish, with very poor tolerance for salt water, is found on continents now separated by ocean. This distribution is best explained by:

ADispersal across the open oceanBVicariance, with the lineage splitting as the continents drifted apartCConvergent evolution producing similar but unrelated fish independentlyDThe equilibrium theory of island biogeography

Biology

Biology · L4 · Biogeography Quiz

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Biology · L4 · Biogeography Quiz

Flashcards10 cards

What are the four main stages of cellular respiration, and where does each occur in a eukaryotic cell?1 / 10

(1) Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm. (2) Pyruvate oxidation (the link reaction) occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. (3) The citric acid cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. (4) The electron transport chain and chemiosmosis occur across the inner mitochondrial membrane, where ATP synthase is also embedded.

Biology

Biology · L4 · Cellular Respiration Overview

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Biology · L4 · Cellular Respiration Overview

Flowchart9 objects

Biology

Hematology and Blood Physiology · flowchart

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Hematology and Blood Physiology · flowchart

Quiz5 questions

What is the kidneys' main job?

ADigest food and absorb nutrientsBFilter waste and extra water out of the bloodCPump blood around the bodyDProduce sweat to cool the body

Biology

Biology · L2 · Skin and Kidneys Quiz

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Biology · L2 · Skin and Kidneys Quiz

Flashcards9 cards

Why do children often look a little like each of their parents?1 / 9

Because offspring get a mix of traits from both parents — some features come from mum, some from dad, and some are a blend of both.

Biology

Biology · L2 · Family Resemblance Basics

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Biology · L2 · Family Resemblance Basics

Collection5 items

01Biology · L2 · Complete vs. Incomplete Metamorphosis: The Basics

02Biology · L2 · Metamorphosis in Action: Insect Examples

03Biology · L2 · Complete vs. Incomplete Metamorphosis Quiz

+2 more

Biology

Biology · L2 · Complete and Incomplete Metamorphosis

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Biology · L2 · Complete and Incomplete Metamorphosis

Quiz5 questions

What observation led Edward Jenner to investigate cowpox as a possible protection against smallpox?

AMilkmaids who had caught cowpox rarely seemed to catch smallpoxBA vaccine had already been proven to work against a different diseaseCCowpox and smallpox were known to be caused by the exact same virusDCows were observed to be immune to all human diseases

Biology

Biology · L3 · Vaccine History and Herd Immunity Quiz

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Biology · L3 · Vaccine History and Herd Immunity Quiz

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