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Biology: explore STEM content (page 26 of 50) · openstem
Explore STEM Content
Search the community's STEM library — free to study, yours to make your own.
Biology
Cells, genetics, ecology and physiology on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes, sketches and flowcharts shared by the community. Study free, or clone anything into your library.
Joints of the skeletal system A joint, or articulation, is the point where two or more bones meet. Joints are classified structurally by the type of connective tissue that joins the bones, which in turn determines how much movement — if any
AA protein made by white blood cells to attack germsBA marker on the surface of an invader that the immune system can recognizeCA type of germ that only lives in waterDThe scar left behind after a cut heals
Biology
Biology · L2 · Antibodies and the Lock-and-Key Idea Quiz
Anfinsen's ribonuclease A refolding experiment provided direct evidence for which conclusion?
AProtein folding always requires a dedicated chaperone protein to reach the native state.BThe amino acid sequence alone contains sufficient information to specify a protein's correct native fold, since denatured, reduced ribonuclease A spontaneously refolded to its correct disulfide pairing and recovered activity.CDisulfide bonds have no influence on ribonuclease A's three-dimensional structure.DProteins fold via exhaustive random sampling of every possible conformation.
Biology
Biology · L5 · Protein Folding and Molecular Chaperones
In the amyloid cascade hypothesis, which enzyme complex performs the second, rate-limiting cleavage of APP that releases amyloid-beta42, the more aggregation-prone species?
AAlpha-secretaseBGamma-secretase (containing presenilin as the catalytic subunit)CGSK-3betaDTDP-43
Traits and Heredity at a Glance A trait is a feature of a living thing, like eye colour or a skill. Inherited traits are passed down from parents through their genes and are present from birth — practice can't change them. Learned traits, a
A scientific name has two parts: the genus name first, then the species name. This two-part system is called binomial nomenclature — 'binomial' simply means 'two names.'
Herd Immunity: Protecting a Whole Community Getting vaccinated protects you as an individual. But it also does something bigger: when enough people in a community are immune to a disease, that disease has a much harder time spreading from p
Biology
Biology · L2 · Herd Immunity: Protecting a Whole Community
What structural feature is shared by all ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes, and how does it couple ATP hydrolysis to nucleosome mobilization?1 / 9
All four remodeler families (SWI/SNF, ISWI, CHD, INO80) share a Snf2-family ATPase motor built from two RecA-like lobes homologous to DExH-box helicases. ATP binding and hydrolysis in the cleft between the lobes drives a conformational cycle that translocates DNA relative to the histone octamer — the motor engages DNA roughly two helical turns from the nucleosome dyad and pumps a DNA loop across the octamer surface, propagating as a wave that repositions the nucleosome without releasing histone–DNA contacts entirely.
Contrast the Needleman-Wunsch and Smith-Waterman dynamic programming algorithms for pairwise sequence alignment.1 / 9
Needleman-Wunsch performs global alignment, requiring the entire length of both input sequences to be aligned end to end (permitting gaps throughout); it initializes the dynamic programming matrix with gap penalties along the first row and column and always traces back from the bottom-right corner, making it appropriate when the two sequences are expected to be similar in length and homologous over their full extent.
The digestive system Digestion converts food into small, absorbable molecules through two complementary processes: mechanical digestion, which physically breaks food into smaller pieces, and chemical digestion, which uses enzymes to break c
Musculoskeletal physiology: motor control and bone homeostasis Skeletal muscle and bone are both dynamic tissues under continuous physiological control. Muscle force is graded by how the nervous system recruits motor units and by the contra
Biology
Biology · L4 · Musculoskeletal physiology: motor control and bone homeostasis