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Engineering: explore STEM content (page 19 of 27) · openstem
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Engineering
Circuits, mechanics, materials and design on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes, sketches and flowcharts shared by the community. Study free, or clone anything into your library.
Two forces come out of air moving past a shape: lift, perpendicular to the flow, and drag, along it and opposing you. Angle of attack and stall α is the angle between the oncoming flow and the chord line. It's the pilot's main lever on lift
Engineering
Engineering · L4 · Aerodynamics: lift, drag, and airfoil behaviour
LQR gives you one fixed gain, computed offline from an unconstrained quadratic problem. Real actuators saturate and real states have safety limits, and LQR has no way to express either. MPC solves the optimisation online instead, with the c
Engineering
Engineering · L5 · Model predictive control: optimizing a receding horizon under constraints
What a magnet does A magnet pulls certain metals toward it without touching them. That invisible pull is magnetism, and every magnet has two ends called poles: north and south. Only some metals Magnets at work A fridge magnet sticks because
Engineering
Engineering · L1 · Magnets: Push, Pull, and Everyday Uses
Three parts, one loop A robot combines sensors to sense, a program to decide, and motors to act. None of the three is a robot by itself. A line-following robot One light sensor pointed at the floor, a small computer, two wheel motors. That'
What is a simple rule a robot's program might follow?1 / 6
"If the front sensor detects an obstacle close by, then stop the motors and turn." Simple robot programs are often built from rules just like this one.
What is forward kinematics for a robotic manipulator?1 / 9
Forward kinematics computes the end-effector's position and orientation (pose) given the joint angles/displacements q = [q₁,...,qₙ]. It is found by composing a homogeneous transformation matrix for each joint-link pair, T = T₁(q₁)T₂(q₂)···Tₙ(qₙ), and reading the end-effector pose from the resulting 4×4 matrix. Forward kinematics always has a unique solution.
Two resistors connected in series across a voltage supply. The output voltage, tapped from the junction between them, is a fraction of the supply voltage set by the resistor ratio.