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Environmental: explore STEM content (page 4 of 27) · openstem
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Environmental
Geology, climate and the environment on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes, plots and sketches shared by the community. Study free, or clone anything into your library.
Groundwater is water that has soaked into the ground and now fills the spaces between soil particles and cracks in rock beneath the surface. It's not stored in vast open caverns everywhere — mostly it fills the tiny pore spaces of permeable soil and rock, like water in a sponge.
The Global Meteoric Water Line Stable isotopes of hydrogen (²H, or deuterium) and oxygen (¹⁸O) in the water molecule itself — not just dissolved tracers — fractionate together during evaporation and condensation in the hydrological cycle, p
Environmental
Environmental · L5 · Isotope Hydrology: Tracing Water Sources and Ages
The Advection-Diffusion Equation Environmental fluid mechanics applies one governing equation — advection by the mean flow plus Fickian diffusion plus sources — across air, river, and groundwater contexts: In turbulent environmental flows,
Environmental
Environmental · L5 · Turbulent Dispersion and the Gaussian Plume Model
Trophic Levels: Who Eats Whom Every ecosystem is organised into feeding levels called trophic levels. Energy enters at the bottom, from sunlight, and moves upward as organisms eat one another. Energy Flows One Way; Nutrients Recycle Energy
A systematic method for evaluating the total environmental impact of a product or material across its entire life — from raw material extraction through manufacturing, use, and disposal — rather than looking at just one stage in isolation.
Slow Giants Mountains look like they have always been there, but every mountain range had to be built — usually over millions of years, by the slow-moving forces of Earth's crust. Three Ways Mountains Form How a Fold Mountain Forms This pus
Radioactive decay and half-life Radioactive isotopes decay at a constant fractional rate. If N₀ atoms are present at time zero, the number remaining at time t is N = N₀ · e^(−k·t), where k is the decay constant. The half-life t½ = ln(2)/k i
Environmental
Environmental · L3 · Half-Life and Radioactive Decay
What is the key difference between primary and secondary succession?
APrimary succession only happens in water; secondary only on landBPrimary succession starts on bare substrate with no soil; secondary starts where soil is already presentCPrimary succession is always faster than secondary successionDThere is no meaningful difference between them
Why do wetland soils decompose organic matter so much more slowly than dry upland soils?1 / 9
Wetland soils are waterlogged, which blocks oxygen from diffusing in. Most efficient decomposition needs oxygen (aerobic respiration), so in these anaerobic conditions dead plant material breaks down far more slowly than it accumulates.