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Environmental: explore STEM content (page 12 of 27) · openstem
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Search the community's STEM library — free to study, yours to make your own.
Environmental
Geology, climate and the environment on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes, plots and sketches shared by the community. Study free, or clone anything into your library.
Habitat fragmentation is the breaking up of a large, continuous habitat into smaller, separated patches — typically caused by roads, farmland, or development cutting through what was once unbroken wilderness.
Beer–Lambert Extinction Monochromatic radiation traveling through an absorbing gas attenuates exponentially with the optical depth it traverses: τ is dimensionless — a count of e-foldings of attenuation, not a physical distance. A band is '
Environmental
Environmental · L5 · Atmospheric Radiative Transfer
Governing Physics: The Richards Equation Water movement through the unsaturated (vadose) zone — between the land surface and the water table — is governed by the Richards equation, combining mass conservation with Darcy's law generalized to
Environmental
Environmental · L5 · Hydrological Modeling: From Richards' Equation to Watershed Models
What is an Integrated Assessment Model (IAM), and what three sub-modules does it typically couple?1 / 8
An IAM couples a simplified representation of the economy (an emissions/growth module), a simplified climate model (converting emissions to concentrations to temperature), and a damage function (converting temperature change back into economic loss) into one framework — letting researchers explore how emissions pathways, climate response, and economic costs interact under different policy scenarios.
What role do zooxanthellae normally play for a healthy coral?
AThey provide up to ~90% of the coral's energy through photosynthesis, and give it its colourBThey are parasites that weaken the coralCThey only provide colour, with no energy contributionDThey protect coral from predators only
A Reef Built by Tiny Animals Each coral polyp is a small, soft-bodied animal that secretes a hard skeleton of calcium carbonate around itself. Individually, a polyp is barely visible — but generations of polyps building skeleton on top of s