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Chemistry: explore STEM content (page 30 of 47) · openstem
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Chemistry
Reactions, bonding and organic chemistry on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes and molecule structures shared by the community. Study free, or clone into your library.
One More Way to Sort Things You already know how to tell a metal from a non-metal. Metals are usually shiny and bend a little instead of snapping. Non-metals are usually dull, and they often snap, stretch, or break instead. There is one mor
Which best describes evaporation in terms of energy?
AEndothermic — it absorbs energy from its surroundingsBExothermic — it releases energy to its surroundingsCNo energy change happens at allDIt only happens at exactly 100°C
Solubility equilibria: Ksp, the common ion effect, and precipitation Many ionic compounds are only sparingly soluble in water: a small amount dissolves, and the rest remains as undissolved solid in equilibrium with its dissolved ions. This
Chemistry
Chemistry · L4 · Solubility Equilibria: Ksp, common ion effect, and precipitation
How Batteries Work A simple battery can be made from two DIFFERENT metals — like zinc and copper — both dipped into an electrolyte: a liquid that can carry a charge. Salty water works, lemon juice works, and even the juice inside a potato w
What two quantities define a dipole moment, and why is it a vector?1 / 10
Magnitude (μ = Q·d — the separated charge times the distance between the charges, in debye D) AND direction (from the partial positive end toward the partial negative end). Because it has both, bond dipoles must be added head-to-tail as vectors, not just summed as magnitudes.
What is the molecular ion produced by electron impact (EI) ionization, and what is distinctive about it?
AM+., an odd-electron radical cation whose m/z equals the compound's nominal molecular weightBM2+, an even-electron dicationCM-, an anion formed by electron captureDA neutral fragment with no charge at all
Chemistry
Chemistry · L4 · Mass Spectrometry Fragmentation — 5 Q
Acid–base equilibria: pH, buffers, and Ka Acid–base chemistry governs a vast range of biological, industrial, and environmental processes. Two complementary definitions frame the subject: Brønsted–Lowry (proton transfer) and Lewis (electron
Chemistry
Chemistry · L4 · Acid–base equilibria: pH, buffers, and Ka
Integrated rate laws: concentration, time, half-life, and linearization A single set of concentration-vs-time measurements from one experiment can pin down BOTH the reaction order and the rate constant k — without running a whole series of
Gibbs free energy: the four cases, the crossover point, and the road to K This note assumes you already have ΔG = ΔH − TΔS and the idea that ΔG < 0 means spontaneous. Here we go further: work through the reasoning behind all four ΔH/ΔS sign
Chemistry
Chemistry · L4 · Gibbs free energy: the four cases, the crossover point, and the road to K