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All fields Software Mathematics Physics Chemistry Biology Engineering Astronomy Environmental Other Biology Biology groups

Explore STEM Content

Search the community's STEM library — free to study, yours to make your own.

Biology

Cells, genetics, ecology and physiology on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes, sketches and flowcharts shared by the community. Study free, or clone anything into your library.

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Biology: explore STEM content (page 33 of 50) · openstem

Collection4 items

01Biology · L5 · Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics

02Biology · L5 · Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics

03Biology · L5 · Gene Tree/Species Tree Reconciliation

+1 more

Biology

Biology · L5 · Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics

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Biology · L5 · Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics

Collection5 items

01Biology · L3 · Heart Anatomy and the Cardiac Cycle

02Biology · L3 · Blood Vessels and Blood Composition

03Biology · L3 · Double Circulation

+2 more

Biology

Biology · L3 · The Circulatory System

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Biology · L3 · The Circulatory System

Flowchart9 objects

Biology

Biology · L5 · Population Genomics and Selection · flowchart

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Biology · L5 · Population Genomics and Selection · flowchart

Flowchart5 objects

Biology

Biology · L3 · Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction Quiz · flowchart

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Biology · L3 · Asexual vs. Sexual Reproduction Quiz · flowchart

Flashcards9 cards

What is one reason bigger animals tend to live longer than smaller ones?1 / 9

Larger bodies often have slower metabolisms, so their cells wear out more slowly over time. A whale's giant body ages far more slowly than a mouse's tiny one.

Biology

Biology · L2 · Why Do Lifespans Vary So Much?

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Biology · L2 · Why Do Lifespans Vary So Much?

Flowchart7 objects

Biology

Biology · L2 · Kidneys and the Urinary System · flowchart

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Biology · L2 · Kidneys and the Urinary System · flowchart

Collection5 items

01Biology · L2 · Digestive Organs and Their Jobs

02Biology · L2 · Breaking Down and Using Food

03Biology · L2 · The Digestive System

+2 more

Biology

Biology · L2 · The Digestive System

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Biology · L2 · The Digestive System

Note~1118 words · 6 min

Neurobiology: The Action Potential and Synaptic Transmission Neurons communicate using two linked electrical and chemical processes. Within a single neuron, information travels as an action potential — a stereotyped, self-propagating change

Biology

Neurobiology: The Action Potential and Synaptic Transmission

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Neurobiology: The Action Potential and Synaptic Transmission

Flashcards10 cards

What are the three macronutrients, and what do they have in common?1 / 10

Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. All three are nutrients the body needs in relatively large amounts, and all three can be broken down to release energy, measured in kilocalories (kcal).

Biology

Biology · L3 · Macronutrients and Energy

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Biology · L3 · Macronutrients and Energy

Quiz5 questions

In a rod photoreceptor, absorption of a photon by rhodopsin ultimately leads to which immediate change at the plasma membrane?

AOpening of additional cGMP-gated channels, causing further depolarizationBClosure of cGMP-gated channels as cGMP is hydrolyzed by PDE, causing hyperpolarizationCDirect opening of a ligand-gated ion channel by retinal itselfDActivation of voltage-gated Na+ channels, generating an action potential in the outer segment

Biology

Biology · L4 · Sensory Physiology Quiz

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Biology · L4 · Sensory Physiology Quiz

Flowchart9 objects

Biology

Biology · L3 · Lymph Nodes, the Spleen, and Immune Defense · flowchart

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Biology · L3 · Lymph Nodes, the Spleen, and Immune Defense · flowchart

Collection5 items

01Biology · L3 · Edward Jenner and the Origin of Vaccination

02Biology · L3 · Herd Immunity

03Biology · L3 · Vaccine History and Herd Immunity Quiz

+2 more

Biology

Biology · L3 · Vaccine History and Herd Immunity

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Biology · L3 · Vaccine History and Herd Immunity

Quiz5 questions

What does a honeybee's waggle dance communicate to other bees?

AThat danger is nearbyBThe direction and distance to a good patch of flowersCThat the hive needs a new queenDThat it is time to swarm to a new hive

Biology

Biology · L2 · How Animals Communicate Quiz

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Biology · L2 · How Animals Communicate Quiz

Flashcards10 cards

What is mitosis, in simple terms?1 / 10

Mitosis is the basic process by which one cell divides to make two new cells that are identical to each other and to the original cell. It is how your body grows and repairs itself.

Biology

Biology · L2 · The Simple Steps of Cell Division (Mitosis)

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Biology · L2 · The Simple Steps of Cell Division (Mitosis)

Flashcards9 cards

Describe the physical principle by which optical tweezers trap and manipulate a micron-scale bead attached to a single biomolecule, and how this enables force-extension measurements.1 / 9

Optical tweezers use a tightly focused laser beam to trap a dielectric (typically polystyrene or silica) microsphere near the beam's focal point: the steep intensity gradient near the focus creates a gradient force pulling the higher-refractive-index bead toward the region of highest light intensity, while scattering force pushes it slightly along the beam axis, together producing a stable three-dimensional trap whose effective stiffness (typically approximated as a linear, Hookean restoring force for small displacements) can be precisely calibrated.

Biology

Biology · L5 · Biophysics and Single-Molecule Methods

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Biology · L5 · Biophysics and Single-Molecule Methods

Quiz5 questions

What do plants use to make their own food?

ASunlight, water, and airBOther animalsCRocks and sandDOther plants

Biology

Plants, Animals, and Living Things Quiz

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Plants, Animals, and Living Things Quiz

Note~502 words · 3 min

Phylogenetics and Cladistics Phylogenetics reconstructs the evolutionary relationships among organisms and represents them as branching trees. Cladistics, the dominant modern framework, insists that classification should reflect only geneal

Biology

Phylogenetics and Cladistics

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Phylogenetics and Cladistics

Quiz5 questions

According to the acid growth hypothesis, auxin promotes cell elongation by:

ADirectly increasing turgor pressure inside the cellBActivating H+-ATPases that acidify the cell wall, activating expansins that loosen the wallCIncreasing chlorophyll synthesisDBlocking water uptake by the cell

Biology

Biology · L4 · Plant Hormones and Tropisms Quiz

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Biology · L4 · Plant Hormones and Tropisms Quiz

Flashcards9 cards

Besides giving skin its color, what is one important job melanin does?1 / 9

Melanin helps protect skin from the sun. It absorbs and scatters ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight, which reduces the damage UV rays can do to skin cells.

Biology

Biology · L2 · Melanin: Sun Protection and Inheritance

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Biology · L2 · Melanin: Sun Protection and Inheritance

Flashcards9 cards

What does "food preservation" mean?1 / 9

Food preservation means treating or storing food in ways that slow down or stop the growth of the microorganisms that cause it to spoil, so the food stays safe to eat for longer.

Biology

Biology · L2 · Why Food Spoils and How We Slow It Down

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Biology · L2 · Why Food Spoils and How We Slow It Down

Flashcards10 cards

What are the four broad mechanistic categories of antibiotic resistance?1 / 10

(1) Enzymatic inactivation of the drug, (2) modification of the drug's target so it no longer binds, (3) reduced uptake or increased efflux of the drug, and (4) bypass — acquiring an alternative pathway or enzyme that performs the same function but is insensitive to the drug.

Biology

Biology · L4 · Antibiotic Resistance & Virulence

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Biology · L4 · Antibiotic Resistance & Virulence

Flashcards10 cards

What is an allele?1 / 10

An alternative version of a gene. Alleles occupy the same location (locus) on homologous chromosomes and can produce different versions of the same trait, such as purple or white flower color.

Biology

Biology · L3 · Mendelian Genetics Vocabulary

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Biology · L3 · Mendelian Genetics Vocabulary

Flowchart9 objects

Biology

Biology · L4 · Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium vs Evolution

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Biology · L4 · Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium vs Evolution

Flashcards11 cards

What types of DNA damage does base excision repair (BER) correct, and what is its overall mechanism?1 / 11

BER corrects small, non-helix-distorting base lesions such as deamination (e.g. cytosine to uracil), oxidation (e.g. 8-oxoguanine), and alkylation damage. A DNA glycosylase specific to the damaged base recognizes and flips it out of the double helix, cleaving the glycosidic bond to remove just the damaged base and leave an abasic (AP) site. AP endonuclease then nicks the DNA backbone at that site, DNA polymerase β fills the single-nucleotide gap using the intact complementary strand as a template, and DNA ligase seals the remaining nick.

Biology

Biology · L4 · DNA Damage and Repair Pathways

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Biology · L4 · DNA Damage and Repair Pathways

Quiz5 questions

Traditional 'Reptilia,' which excludes birds despite birds descending from the reptilian common ancestor, is best described as:

AMonophyleticBParaphyleticCPolyphyleticDAn outgroup

Biology

Biology · L4 · Phylogenetics and Cladistics Quiz

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Biology · L4 · Phylogenetics and Cladistics Quiz

Collection6 items

01Biology · L4 · Enzyme Kinetics and Allosteric Regulation

02Biology · L4 · Enzyme Regulation and Allostery Quiz

03Enzyme Regulation and Allostery

+3 more

Biology

Biology · L4 · Enzyme Regulation and Allostery

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Biology · L4 · Enzyme Regulation and Allostery

Flowchart7 objects

Biology

Biology · L1 · Your Nose, Tongue, and Skin · flowchart

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Biology · L1 · Your Nose, Tongue, and Skin · flowchart

Collection5 items

01Biology · L2 · Antibodies: The Lock-and-Key Idea

02Biology · L2 · How Antibodies Mark Invaders for Destruction

03Biology · L2 · Antibodies and the Lock-and-Key Idea Quiz

+2 more

Biology

Biology · L2 · How Antibodies Recognize Invaders

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Biology · L2 · How Antibodies Recognize Invaders

Flowchart11 objects

Biology

Biology · L1 · How a Butterfly Helps a Flower

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Biology · L1 · How a Butterfly Helps a Flower

Flashcards9 cards

What are the six original hallmarks of cancer proposed by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000), and what two enabling characteristics were later added?1 / 9

The 2011 update added genome instability and mutability, and tumor-promoting inflammation as enabling characteristics that accelerate acquisition of the core hallmarks, plus deregulated cellular energetics (the Warburg effect) and evading immune destruction as emerging hallmarks.

Biology

Biology · L5 · The Hallmarks of Cancer

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Biology · L5 · The Hallmarks of Cancer

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