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Software: explore STEM content (page 4 of 25) · openstem

All fields Software Mathematics Physics Chemistry Biology Engineering Astronomy Environmental Other Software Software groups

Explore STEM Content

Search the community's STEM library — free to study, yours to make your own.

Software

Programming, algorithms and systems on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes, sketches and flowcharts shared by the community. Study free, or clone anything into your library.

Content Groups1

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Collection2 items

01Transactions & ACID

02Query Optimization

Software

Software · L3 · SQL

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Software · L3 · SQL

Quiz5 questions

What does the `new` keyword actually do in `Car c = new Car();`?

AAllocates memory for the object and invokes its constructorBDeclares the Car classCImports the Car class from another packageDDeletes any existing Car object

Software

Software · L1 · Java: Classes & Objects

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Software · L1 · Java: Classes & Objects

Flashcards9 cards

What is a database index and how does it work?1 / 9

An index is typically a B-tree data structure that maps column values to row locations, enabling fast lookups without a full table scan. Read speed improves from O(n) to O(log n). Each write must update all relevant indexes — there's a write overhead.

Software

Indexes & Performance

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Indexes & Performance

Collection4 items

01Software · L5 · Process Calculi & Concurrency Theory

02Software · L5 · Process Calculi: CSP, the π-Calculus, and Behavioural Equivalence

03Software · L5 · Process Calculi Landscape

+1 more

Software

Software · L5 · Process Calculi & Concurrency

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Software · L5 · Process Calculi & Concurrency

Flashcards8 cards

What is the goal of a CPU scheduler?1 / 8

To decide which ready process runs next on the CPU, balancing goals like throughput, low latency, fairness, and good CPU utilization.

Software

CPU Scheduling

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CPU Scheduling

Flashcards10 cards

What is the difference between `git fetch` and `git pull`?1 / 10

`git fetch` downloads remote changes into the remote-tracking branch but does NOT change your working directory. `git pull` = `git fetch` + `git merge` (or rebase with `--rebase`). Fetching first lets you review changes before integrating.

Software

Collaboration & PR Workflow

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Collaboration & PR Workflow

Flashcards8 cards

Distinguish small-step (structural) operational semantics from big-step (natural) operational semantics.1 / 8

Small-step semantics defines a one-step reduction relation e → e' capturing a single unit of computation; the meaning of a program is the (possibly infinite) sequence of steps e →* e_final. Big-step semantics defines a relation e ⇓ v directly relating an expression to its final value, described all at once. Small-step exposes intermediate states (useful for reasoning about non-termination, concurrency, and interleaving); big-step is more concise for defining evaluators but cannot directly express non-termination as a first-class judgement.

Software

Software · L5 · Programming Language Semantics

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Software · L5 · Programming Language Semantics

Collection4 items

01Memory Management

02CPU Scheduling

03Software · L2 · Operating Systems: Choosing a CPU Scheduling Algorithm

+1 more

Software

Software · L2 · Operating Systems

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Software · L2 · Operating Systems

Flashcards10 cards

What are the main root-cause categories of flaky tests?1 / 10

Uncontrolled time (wall-clock, timezones, sleeps), randomness (unseeded RNG, random ordering), concurrency and test-ordering dependencies, network/external services, and shared mutable state (files, DB rows, global singletons) leaking between tests. Each introduces a non-deterministic input the assertion silently depends on.

Software

Determinism, Flakiness & CI Scale

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Determinism, Flakiness & CI Scale

Flashcards8 cards

Explain list comprehension vs a generator expression.1 / 8

A list comprehension `[x for x in it]` eagerly builds the whole list in memory. A generator `(x for x in it)` yields lazily — far more memory-efficient for large or infinite sequences.

Software

Comprehensions & Iteration

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Comprehensions & Iteration

Collection4 items

01GraphQL API Design

02Software · L3 · GraphQL API Design

03Software · L3 · GraphQL Request Lifecycle

+1 more

Software

Software · L3 · GraphQL API Design

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Software · L3 · GraphQL API Design

Note~151 words · 1 min

Fetching JSON with the http Package `http.get(Uri.parse(url))` returns a Future<Response> with a status code and body string. Check `response.statusCode == 200` before decoding, then use `jsonDecode(response.body)` (from dart:convert) to tu

Software

Software · L2 · Flutter: Networking & Data

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Software · L2 · Flutter: Networking & Data

Flashcards10 cards

What is the zero value in Go?1 / 10

Every type has a zero value used when a variable is declared without initialization: 0 for numbers, false for bool, "" for strings, and nil for pointers, slices, maps, channels, and interfaces. There is no 'uninitialized' state.

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Software · L5 · Computability Theory

Flowchart11 objects

Software

Software · L2 · JavaScript: The Event Loop · flowchart

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Software · L2 · JavaScript: The Event Loop · flowchart

Flowchart9 objects

Software

Widgets & State · flowchart

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Widgets & State · flowchart

Flashcards10 cards

What is the 'testing trophy' and how does it differ from the pyramid?1 / 10

Popularized for component/frontend work, it emphasizes integration tests as the largest middle layer (with static analysis at the base), arguing they give the best confidence-per-cost trade-off.

Software

Test Architecture & Strategy

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Test Architecture & Strategy

Collection4 items

01Big-O & Complexity

02Linked Lists

03Software · L1 · Data Structures & Algos: Picking the Right Approach

+1 more

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Software · L2 · Loops: Doing Things Again and Again

Collection4 items

01Functional Programming Concepts

02Software · L3 · Functional Programming Concepts

03Software · L3 · Is This Function Pure?

+1 more

Software

Software · L3 · Functional Programming

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Software · L3 · Functional Programming

Flashcards8 cards

What is virtual memory?1 / 8

An abstraction giving each process its own large, contiguous address space, mapped to physical RAM (and disk) by the MMU via page tables. It enables isolation, allows programs larger than RAM (via swapping), and simplifies memory allocation.

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Storage & Databases

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