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Engineering
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Two ways to fail in compression Buckling arrives at loads far below the crushing strength, and it arrives suddenly. Push a drinking straw end-on and you'll see it. Euler's critical load Length dominates, because it's squared Real ends aren'
What is the basic difference between AC and DC?1 / 11
DC (direct current) flows in one constant direction — its voltage and current don't change sign. AC (alternating current) periodically reverses direction, with its voltage swinging positive and negative in a repeating cycle, usually a sine wave.
Designing a part so it is easy, fast, and cheap to actually manufacture — not just easy to draw on paper. DFM asks "how will this really get made?" at the design stage, before any tooling is cut.
Two resistors, one tap point Worked values What it's actually for The assumption that bites people The formula assumes almost no current leaves the tap.
A prototype is a first try It's a small, cheap, quick model built to test an idea before anyone spends real time and money on the finished thing. Testing a paper aeroplane is far easier than testing a real one. If it flies badly you fold an
Engineering
Engineering · L1 · Prototypes: Try Small Before You Try Big
Head is pressure, expressed as a height A pump raises a fluid's pressure, but pascals are hard to picture. Head restates that pressure as the height of fluid column it could support. A pump adding 98,000 Pa to water gives H = 98000 ÷ (1000
Engineering
Engineering · L3 · Pumps, Head, and Matching a Pump to a Job
AIt is always cheaper than a non-destructive testBIt damages or destroys the part being testedCIt can be run on every unit in a batchDIt only checks the outside of a part
A microcontroller output pin can only supply about 4 mA, but a small motor needs 150 mA to run. How does a transistor solve this?1 / 8
Wire the pin to the transistor's base (through a resistor). The small 4 mA base current switches the much larger 150 mA collector current, which powers the motor from a separate supply — the microcontroller pin never has to carry the motor's current itself.
Engineering
Engineering · L3 · Transistor Switching — Applications & Practice
Measure twice, cut once Engineers measure before they build so the parts fit together the way they planned. Two tools, two questions Why everyone needs the same units Two friends build a toy box. One measures the sides in centimetres with a
A gear is a wheel with teeth Plain wheels are smooth and can slip against each other. A gear's teeth grip, so it never slips. That makes gears perfect for passing turning motion from one part of a machine to another. When the teeth of two g