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Environmental: explore STEM content (page 7 of 27) · openstem
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Environmental
Geology, climate and the environment on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes, plots and sketches shared by the community. Study free, or clone anything into your library.
Name and briefly describe the USEPA's four-step human health risk assessment paradigm.1 / 8
(1) Hazard identification — does the chemical cause an adverse effect, and in whom? (2) Dose-response assessment — how does the magnitude of exposure relate to the probability/severity of the effect? (3) Exposure assessment — how much of the chemical do people actually contact, via which pathways? (4) Risk characterization — combining dose-response and exposure information into a quantitative estimate of risk, with its uncertainties.
What two criteria must a region meet to be classified as a biodiversity hotspot?
AAt least 1,500 endemic vascular plant species AND at least 70% original habitat already lostBAt least 100 endangered animal species onlyCBeing located in a tropical climate zoneDHaving no human population at all
Seismic Body Waves Two types of body waves propagate through Earth's interior: Travel-Time Tomography Given observed P-wave arrival times tᵢⱼ from earthquake j to station i, the forward model integrates slowness s = 1/V along the ray path:
Environmental
Environmental · L5 · Seismic Tomography and Inverse Problems
The radiative forcing due to a doubling of CO₂ is well-approximated by the IPCC formula ΔF = 5.35 ln(C/C₀). What is the forcing for a CO₂ doubling (C/C₀ = 2)?
What does a GCM (General Circulation Model) do, conceptually?
AIt divides the atmosphere/ocean into a 3D grid and solves physical equations per cell, stepping forward through timeBIt simply averages historical temperature recordsCIt only models the atmosphere, never the oceanDIt predicts weather for a specific day years in advance
A metapopulation is a 'population of populations' — a set of spatially discrete local populations occupying separate habitat patches, connected (or not) by occasional dispersal between patches, where any single local population may go extinct and be recolonized independently.
Environmental Law & Regulation: NEPA, CAA, CWA, and the EIA Process Modern U.S. environmental regulation rests on a handful of landmark statutes, each targeting a different medium or procedural gap — and each has close international analogu
Environmental
Environmental · L4 · Environmental Law & Regulation: NEPA, CAA, CWA, and the EIA Process