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Environmental: explore STEM content (page 16 of 27) · openstem
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Search the community's STEM library — free to study, yours to make your own.
Environmental
Geology, climate and the environment on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes, plots and sketches shared by the community. Study free, or clone anything into your library.
State Darcy's law for groundwater flow, and explain what hydraulic conductivity K represents.1 / 8
Darcy's law says the specific discharge (Darcy flux) q through a porous medium is proportional to the negative hydraulic head gradient dh/dl — water flows from high head to low head. K, hydraulic conductivity, is an empirical property of both the medium (grain size, porosity, pore connectivity) AND the fluid (viscosity, density) that sets how readily water moves through it — gravel might have K many orders of magnitude larger than clay.
Environmental
Environmental · L5 · Groundwater Flow & Contaminant Transport Modeling
Modeling the Dose-Response Curve A population's response to a toxicant (mortality, growth impairment, reproductive failure) typically follows a sigmoid curve against log-dose — few individuals respond at very low doses, most respond in a mi
Environmental
Environmental · L5 · Quantitative Ecotoxicology and Risk Assessment
An underground layer of permeable rock or sediment (like sand or gravel) that can store and transmit significant amounts of water — essentially a natural underground reservoir.
Two Jobs, One Cause: Low Oxygen Wetlands punch far above their weight as both carbon sinks and water purifiers — and both roles trace back to the same root cause: their waterlogged soils exclude oxygen, slowing the microbial processes that
What three axes do we usually compare energy sources on?1 / 8
Cost (both upfront and ongoing), emissions (how much greenhouse gas and pollution are released over the source's lifecycle), and reliability (whether it can supply power on demand, or only when conditions — like sun or wind — allow).
AReynolds-averaging generating new unknown turbulent flux terms faster than new equations are gained, requiring an approximate closure schemeBThe impossibility of ever measuring turbulenceCA problem that only occurs above the tropopauseDThe fact that molecular diffusion alone explains all boundary-layer transport
What is the Brundtland Commission's definition of sustainable development?1 / 9
"Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs" — from the 1987 UN report Our Common Future.
Environmental
Environmental · L3 · Sustainable Development & the Triple Bottom Line
What is the key difference between bioaccumulation and biomagnification?
ABioaccumulation builds up in one organism over time; biomagnification is the concentration increase across trophic levelsBThey are two names for the exact same processCBioaccumulation only happens in plants; biomagnification only in animalsDBiomagnification happens within a single organism; bioaccumulation happens across a food chain
What is an environmental impact assessment (EIA)?1 / 10
A formal, structured process used to predict and evaluate the likely environmental consequences of a proposed project — such as a mine, dam, or highway — before it's approved, so that impacts can be avoided, reduced, or mitigated in advance.
Air Pollution Control Engineering: Cleaning the Flue Gas Train Every major air pollutant category — particulates, SO2, NOx, CO, and hydrocarbons — has its own dedicated control technology, engineered around that pollutant's specific physica
Environmental
Environmental · L4 · Air Pollution Control Engineering: Cleaning the Flue Gas Train