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Biology
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Biology: explore STEM content (page 43 of 50) · openstem
Quiz5 questions
A wildlife population shows differences in coat color, size, and disease resistance among its individual members. Which level of biodiversity does this describe?
What are the two broad chemical classes of hormones, and what property determines which mechanism each uses?1 / 10
Lipid-soluble hormones (steroids, thyroid hormone) diffuse through the plasma membrane and bind intracellular receptors. Water-soluble hormones (peptides/proteins, catecholamines) cannot cross the lipid bilayer, so they bind membrane receptors and trigger intracellular second-messenger cascades. Solubility, set by chemical structure, dictates which mechanism a hormone must use.
Plants and Animals Plants and animals are both living things. But they are not exactly the same. Let's look at how they are alike, and how they are different. How They Are Alike How They Are Different Plants and Animals at a Glance So plant
What is a fixed action pattern (FAP), and what triggers it?1 / 10
A fixed action pattern is a stereotyped, species-typical behavioral sequence that, once initiated, runs to completion largely independent of further sensory feedback. It is released by a specific, often simple stimulus feature called a sign stimulus (or releaser) — for example, a red belly triggering aggressive display in male sticklebacks, or an egg-shaped object outside the nest triggering egg-retrieval in geese. FAPs are considered innate because they appear in full form even in individuals with no opportunity to learn them.
A small group of birds is blown to a remote island and founds a new, genetically distinct population through drift acting on a small founding group. This is an example of:
ASympatric speciation via disruptive selectionBPeripatric speciation via a founder effectCParapatric speciation across a hybrid zoneDReinforcement of prezygotic isolation
How is the structure of an artery wall suited to its function?1 / 10
Artery walls are thick, muscular, and elastic. This lets them withstand the high pressure of blood surging directly from the heart and stretch with each pulse, helping push blood onward.
Biology
Biology · L3 · Blood Vessels and Blood Composition
Where on an antibody monomer is the antigen-binding site located?
AAt the base of the constant region stemBAt the tips of the variable regions, where a heavy and light chain pairCAlong the entire length of the heavy chainDWithin the disulfide bonds linking the two heavy chains
Biodiversity is the total variety of life in a given area, usually described at three levels: genetic diversity within a species, species diversity within a community, and ecosystem diversity across a landscape. High biodiversity generally signals a healthy, resilient environment.
Biology
Biology · L3 · What Biodiversity Is and Why It Matters
Which structural feature causes Gram-positive bacteria to stain purple in a Gram stain?
AA thick peptidoglycan cell wall that retains crystal violet dyeBA thin peptidoglycan layer with an outer lipid membraneCA plasmid carrying resistance genesDA flagellum used for movement
How We Keep Food From Spoiling Mold, bacteria, and other microbes are what cause food to spoil. This note isn't about the biology of spoilage — it's about the clever tricks humans have invented, long before refrigerators existed, to slow th
What are cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and by what mechanisms do they promote tumor progression?1 / 9
Cancer-associated fibroblasts are a heterogeneous, activated fibroblast population within the tumor stroma, arising from resident fibroblasts, pericytes, mesenchymal stem cells, or epithelial cells via transdifferentiation, typically marked by alpha-smooth muscle actin and FAP (fibroblast activation protein) expression, though CAF subtypes vary considerably in marker expression and function.
Biology
Biology · L5 · Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis