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Biology: explore STEM content (page 31 of 50) · openstem
Explore STEM Content
Search the community's STEM library — free to study, yours to make your own.
Biology
Cells, genetics, ecology and physiology on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes, sketches and flowcharts shared by the community. Study free, or clone anything into your library.
What does the fossil record show about evolution?1 / 10
A chronological sequence of preserved remains in rock strata that documents how species have changed over time, including transitional forms that share features of both ancestral and descendant groups.
Biology
Biology · L3 · Evidence for Evolution and Speciation
Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis A solid tumor is not simply a mass of malignant epithelial cells but a complex tissue-like ecosystem, in which stromal fibroblasts, infiltrating immune cells, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix are
Biology
Biology · L5 · Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis
How Germs Spread and How Your Body Fights Back Germs are tiny living things, like bacteria and viruses, that can make you sick. They spread from person to person in a few common ways, but your body also has several layers of defense working
Biology
Biology · L2 · How Germs Spread and How Your Body Fights Back
Cell Organelles at a Glance Cells are built from smaller working parts called organelles. Some organelles, like the nucleus and mitochondria, are shared by plant and animal cells. Others, like the cell wall and chloroplasts, are found only
What design properties must a tissue engineering scaffold balance, and how do natural (e.g. collagen, decellularized matrix) and synthetic (e.g. PLGA, PEG) scaffold materials differ in meeting them?1 / 9
An effective scaffold must provide sufficient mechanical strength to support the target tissue during regeneration, a degradation rate matched to the rate of new tissue formation (neither dissolving before the tissue can support itself nor persisting so long that it impedes remodeling), adequate porosity and pore interconnectivity for cell infiltration, nutrient/waste diffusion, and eventual vascularization, and appropriate surface chemistry to support cell adhesion without provoking a chronic foreign-body immune response.
Biology
Biology · L5 · Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering
Which transcription factor and signature cytokines define the Th1 helper T-cell lineage, and what is its principal effector role?1 / 8
Th1 differentiation is driven by IL-12 (from activated dendritic cells/macrophages) and IFN-γ signalling through STAT4 and STAT1 respectively, which together induce the master regulator T-bet (TBX21). T-bet reinforces IFN-γ production and represses alternative lineage programmes, creating a positive feedback loop.
Distinguish endothermy from ectothermy, and homeothermy from poikilothermy.1 / 10
Endothermy vs ectothermy describes the heat source: endotherms generate most of their body heat metabolically (e.g. via mitochondrial uncoupling and shivering), while ectotherms rely mainly on external heat sources and behavior. Homeothermy vs poikilothermy describes the outcome: homeotherms keep body temperature nearly constant, poikilotherms let it fluctuate with the environment. Most endotherms are homeothermic and most ectotherms are poikilothermic, but the two axes are logically independent (e.g. some fish are regional endotherms yet still poikilothermic overall).
The Respiratory System: Breathing In and Out Every cell in your body needs a steady supply of oxygen, a gas that cells use to release energy from food. Your respiratory system is the set of organs that bring oxygen in and push carbon dioxid