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Astronomy: explore STEM content (page 5 of 26) · openstem
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Astronomy
Stars, orbits, cosmology and observation on openstem — flashcards, notes, quizzes and plots shared by the community. Study free, or clone anything into your library.
Dust Trails Left Behind by Comets As a comet travels near the Sun, it sheds a trail of tiny dust and rock particles along its path. That trail stays behind in space, long after the comet has moved on. When Earth's orbit happens to cross thr
Three Planets, Three Very Different Outcomes Venus, Earth, and Mars all formed in the inner solar system from similar raw materials, at roughly similar times. If you only looked at their ingredients, you might expect three fairly similar wo
What is transmission spectroscopy, and when does it apply to exoplanets?1 / 8
Transmission spectroscopy analyses starlight that passes THROUGH a transiting exoplanet's atmosphere on its way to the observer. It applies only during a transit (when the planet crosses in front of its star as seen from Earth). Atmospheric gases absorb specific wavelengths, so the transit depth varies with wavelength — deeper at wavelengths absorbed by atmospheric constituents.
Astronomy
Astronomy · L4 · Exoplanet Atmospheres & the Habitable Zone
A network of millisecond pulsars monitored for years to decades, used collectively as a galaxy-sized gravitational-wave detector. A passing low-frequency gravitational wave perturbs spacetime between Earth and each pulsar, producing tiny, correlated deviations in the precisely predicted arrival times of their radio pulses. PTAs (NANOGrav, EPTA, PPTA, CPTA, combined internationally as the IPTA) probe wavelengths of light-years, far beyond the reach of any ground- or space-based interferometer.
What supports a neutron star against gravitational collapse?1 / 8
Neutron degeneracy pressure — a purely quantum-mechanical effect from the Pauli exclusion principle: no two identical fermions (neutrons) can occupy the same quantum state. Packed to nuclear densities (~10¹⁷ kg/m³), neutrons are forced into high-momentum states, generating an outward pressure independent of temperature. This is the same mechanism (electron degeneracy) that supports white dwarfs, but neutron degeneracy can support a far more compact, massive object.
A Place Where Gravity Wins A black hole is a region of space with such powerful gravity that nothing can escape it — not a spaceship, not a planet, and not even light itself. Because light can't get out, a black hole looks completely black,
A Star's Life Is Written by Its Mass Every star begins the same way — a collapsing cloud of gas and dust — but from there, its mass decides almost everything else: how long it lives, how it dies, and what it leaves behind. Birth: From Cloud
In the lens equation β = θ − (D_ls/D_s)α̂(θ), the term β represents:
AThe observed image position on the skyBThe source's true angular position, had it not been lensedCThe Einstein radius of the lensDThe redshift of the lens
AThe name of the debris disk that formed the MoonBA Mars-sized protoplanet that collided with the young EarthCAn alternative name for the Moon itselfDA hypothetical planet beyond Neptune
Astronomy
Astronomy · L3 · Moon Formation & the Giant Impact