OS
OpenStem
@openstem · Joined Jul 2026
7420 public items8 groups
FlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-212.25%20-360)%20rotate(0%20210%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22420%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22210%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22210%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EBuffer%20solution%3A%20weak%20acid%20HA%20%2B%20conjugate%20base%20A-%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-82.25%20-198)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpolygon%20points%3D%2280%2C0%20160%2C36%2080%2C72%200%2C36%22%20fill%3D%22var(--blue-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--blue-hi)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EWhat%20is%20added%3F%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-361.5%20-36)%20rotate(0%20155%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22310%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22155%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22155%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EConjugate%20base%20A-%20reacts%20with%20it%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-300.5%20126)%20rotate(0%2094%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22188%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2294%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EA-%20%2B%20H%2B%20becomes%20HA%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-378.5%20288)%20rotate(0%20172%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22344%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22172%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22172%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EFree%20H%2B%20stays%20low%3A%20pH%20roughly%20steady%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(69%20-36)%20rotate(0%20133%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22266%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22133%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22133%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EWeak%20acid%20HA%20reacts%20with%20it%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(69%20126)%20rotate(0%20133%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22266%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22133%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22133%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EHA%20%2B%20OH-%20becomes%20A-%20%2B%20water%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(25.5%20288)%20rotate(0%20176.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22353%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22176.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22176.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EFree%20OH-%20stays%20low%3A%20pH%20roughly%20steady%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-2.25%20-243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-5c47ce3d-4beb-424a-ada0-b7747b320cbb%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-2.25%20-288%20L%20-2.25%20-198%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-5c47ce3d-4beb-424a-ada0-b7747b320cbb)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-144.375%20-83.13708690330478)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-6fbd9d5b-3d59-46b7-88c7-be20dcf1eb06%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-82.25%20-130.27%20C%20-102.96%20-122.06%20-185.79%20-96.71%20-206.5%20-81%20C%20-227.21%20-65.29%20-206.5%20-43.5%20-206.5%20-36%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-6fbd9d5b-3d59-46b7-88c7-be20dcf1eb06)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-165.29%22%20y%3D%22-97.34%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EA%20little%20acid%20H%2B%20added%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-206.5%2081)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-78e99bd6-95ac-402a-ac89-362069252256%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-206.5%2036%20L%20-206.5%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-78e99bd6-95ac-402a-ac89-362069252256)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-206.5%20243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-6f9b1bdb-8b3b-4056-9a31-1a290ff5c6b2%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-206.5%20198%20L%20-206.5%20288%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-6f9b1bdb-8b3b-4056-9a31-1a290ff5c6b2)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20139.875%20-83.13708690330478)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-f692367c-95b8-4b99-ba29-c9f27ec530ae%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2077.75%20-130.27%20C%2098.46%20-122.06%20181.29%20-96.71%20202%20-81%20C%20222.71%20-65.29%20202%20-43.5%20202%20-36%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-f692367c-95b8-4b99-ba29-c9f27ec530ae)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22160.79%22%20y%3D%22-97.34%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EA%20little%20base%20OH-%20added%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20202%2081)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-1796bd6a-be40-44e5-be73-162fc10d1a83%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20202%2036%20L%20202%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-1796bd6a-be40-44e5-be73-162fc10d1a83)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20202%20243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-6ee2ea55-ded0-4485-992c-700572bc0cab%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20202%20198%20L%20202%20288%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-6ee2ea55-ded0-4485-992c-700572bc0cab)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L3 · Buffers — Resisting pH Change · flowchart
Chemistry · L3 · Buffers — Resisting pH Change · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-133%20-279)%20rotate(0%20133%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22266%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--blue-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--blue-hi)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22133%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22133%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EIce%3A%20molecules%20locked%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22133%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Ein%20an%20orderly%20solid%20lattice%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-107%20-117)%20rotate(0%20107%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22214%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22107%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22107%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EAdd%20energy%3A%20ice%20warms%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22107%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eand%20begins%20to%20melt%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-137.5%2045)%20rotate(0%20137.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22275%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22137.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22137.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ELiquid%20water%3A%20molecules%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22137.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eslide%20freely%20past%20each%20other%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-155%20207)%20rotate(0%20155%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpolygon%20points%3D%22155%2C0%20310%2C36%20155%2C72%200%2C36%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22155%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22155%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EEntropy%20has%20increased%3A%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22155%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Emore%20disordered%2C%20more%20spread%20out%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%200%20-162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-5c7a3eef-02c0-495e-948e-7dd89ffbb89f%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%200%20-207%20L%200%20-117%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-5c7a3eef-02c0-495e-948e-7dd89ffbb89f)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%200%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-d2481a4e-493f-449d-aed3-652800fea94a%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%200%20-45%20L%200%2045%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-d2481a4e-493f-449d-aed3-652800fea94a)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%200%20162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-5224fe81-03a5-4b37-aa09-9ad13e31e1a3%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%200%20117%20L%200%20207%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-5224fe81-03a5-4b37-aa09-9ad13e31e1a3)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L3 · Entropy and the Second Law · flowchart
Chemistry · L3 · Entropy and the Second Law · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-81%20-279)%20rotate(0%2081%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22162%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2281%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2281%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EReactants%20A%20%2B%20B%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-189.5%20-117)%20rotate(0%20189.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22379%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--red-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--red)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22189.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22189.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EStep%201%3A%20A%20%2B%20B%20%E2%86%92%20X%20%E2%80%94%20SLOW%2C%20the%20bottleneck%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-120%2045)%20rotate(0%20120%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22240%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22120%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22120%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EStep%202%3A%20X%20%2B%20C%20%E2%86%92%20D%20%E2%80%94%20fast%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-90%20207)%20rotate(0%2090%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22180%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2290%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2290%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EOverall%20product%20D%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%200%20-162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-d09660a6-5380-4d58-8b0d-86cf1180a11b%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%200%20-207%20L%200%20-117%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-d09660a6-5380-4d58-8b0d-86cf1180a11b)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%200%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-4a6b2dea-338c-4ad0-875f-efe22689fe9c%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%200%20-45%20L%200%2045%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-4a6b2dea-338c-4ad0-875f-efe22689fe9c)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%200%20162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-71b1213e-1fe5-48ff-b1d8-ec7444c105b8%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%200%20117%20L%200%20207%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-71b1213e-1fe5-48ff-b1d8-ec7444c105b8)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L3 · Reaction Mechanisms and the Rate-Determining Step · flowchart
Chemistry · L3 · Reaction Mechanisms and the Rate-Determining Step · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-83.5%20-299.5)%20rotate(0%2085.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22171%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%2232%22%20ry%3D%2232%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EA%20metal%20compound%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-196.5%20-137.5)%20rotate(0%20198.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpolygon%20points%3D%22198.5%2C0%20397%2C36%20198.5%2C72%200%2C36%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22198.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22198.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EMain-group%20metal%20(e.g.%20Na%2C%20Mg)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22198.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eor%20transition%20metal%20(e.g.%20Fe%2C%20Cu%2C%20Mn%2C%20Cr)%3F%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-240%2024.5)%20rotate(0%20107%2042)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22214%22%20height%3D%2284%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22107%22%20y%3D%2242%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22107%22%20dy%3D%22-16.8%22%3EEssentially%20ONE%20fixed%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22107%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eoxidation%20state%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22107%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(Na%20is%20always%20Na%E2%81%BA)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-227%20207)%20rotate(0%2094%2042)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22188%22%20height%3D%2284%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2294%22%20y%3D%2242%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%22-16.8%22%3ECompounds%20usually%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Ewhite%20or%20colorless%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(e.g.%20NaCl%2C%20MgO)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(34%2024.5)%20rotate(0%20103%2042)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22206%22%20height%3D%2284%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--amber-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--amber)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22103%22%20y%3D%2242%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22103%22%20dy%3D%22-16.8%22%3EOften%20MULTIPLE%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22103%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eoxidation%20states%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22103%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(e.g.%20Fe%C2%B2%E2%81%BA%20and%20Fe%C2%B3%E2%81%BA)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(43%20198.5)%20rotate(0%2094%2050.5)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22188%22%20height%3D%22101%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--violet-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--violet)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2294%22%20y%3D%2250.5%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%22-25.200000000000003%22%3ECompounds%20often%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Evividly%20colored%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(e.g.%20CuSO%E2%82%84%20blue%2C%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3EKMnO%E2%82%84%20deep%20purple)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%202%20-182.5)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-dbe437af-c9c8-4f5b-95ff-db30dd59caa4%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%202%20-227.5%20L%202%20-137.5%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-dbe437af-c9c8-4f5b-95ff-db30dd59caa4)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-95.5%20-20.5)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-cb098e9b-26a1-4e0d-b69f-99cca67c4927%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-58%20-65.5%20C%20-70.5%20-58%20-120.5%20-35.5%20-133%20-20.5%20C%20-145.5%20-5.5%20-133%2017%20-133%2024.5%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-cb098e9b-26a1-4e0d-b69f-99cca67c4927)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-114.79%22%20y%3D%22-31.42%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EMain-group%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-133%20157.75)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-54129c62-eac7-406e-92e0-b92896ed0192%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-133%20108.5%20L%20-133%20207%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-54129c62-eac7-406e-92e0-b92896ed0192)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%2099.5%20-20.5)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-21eef83b-77a6-4506-a877-62a7d30f821c%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2062%20-65.5%20C%2074.5%20-58%20124.5%20-35.5%20137%20-20.5%20C%20149.5%20-5.5%20137%2017%20137%2024.5%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-21eef83b-77a6-4506-a877-62a7d30f821c)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22118.79%22%20y%3D%22-31.42%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3ETransition%20metal%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20137%20153.5)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-6cf03831-909e-472d-8ca9-939d346b2a01%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20137%20108.5%20L%20137%20198.5%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-6cf03831-909e-472d-8ca9-939d346b2a01)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L3 · Transition metals: variable oxidation states and vivid color · flowchart
Chemistry · L3 · Transition metals: variable oxidation states and vivid color · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-107%20-447)%20rotate(0%20107%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22214%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22107%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22107%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EKnown%20mass%20of%20unknown%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22107%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3EC%2C%20H%2C%20(O)%20compound%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-124.5%20-285)%20rotate(0%20124.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22249%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ESealed%20combustion%20chamber%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-270%20-123)%20rotate(0%20120%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22240%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22120%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22120%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ECO2%20trap%3A%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22120%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eabsorbs%20all%20CO2%20produced%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(30%20-123)%20rotate(0%20120%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22240%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22120%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22120%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EH2O%20trap%3A%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22120%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eabsorbs%20all%20H2O%20produced%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-230%2039)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--blue-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--blue-hi)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EMass%20of%20CO2%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(70%2039)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--blue-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--blue-hi)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EMass%20of%20H2O%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-244%20201)%20rotate(0%2094%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22188%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2294%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EMass%20of%20C%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Ein%20original%20sample%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(56%20201)%20rotate(0%2094%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22188%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2294%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EMass%20of%20H%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Ein%20original%20sample%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-103%20363)%20rotate(0%20103%2042)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22206%22%20height%3D%2284%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22103%22%20y%3D%2242%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22103%22%20dy%3D%22-16.8%22%3EConvert%20to%20moles%2C%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22103%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Efind%20simplest%20ratio%3A%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22103%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eempirical%20formula%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%200%20-330)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-9429dd3a-2e67-46fd-a883-7f06760adbf2%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%200%20-375%20L%200%20-285%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-9429dd3a-2e67-46fd-a883-7f06760adbf2)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%22-330%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Eburned%20completely%0Ain%20excess%20O2%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-108.33333333333333%20-168)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-be0ca2e4-c675-441d-98fb-d4844a77e4a8%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-66.67%20-213%20C%20-80.56%20-205.5%20-136.11%20-183%20-150%20-168%20C%20-163.89%20-153%20-150%20-130.5%20-150%20-123%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-be0ca2e4-c675-441d-98fb-d4844a77e4a8)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20108.33333333333333%20-168)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-288e4dba-e289-42d5-bd47-89779d5fef4e%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2066.67%20-213%20C%2080.56%20-205.5%20136.11%20-183%20150%20-168%20C%20163.89%20-153%20150%20-130.5%20150%20-123%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-288e4dba-e289-42d5-bd47-89779d5fef4e)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-150%20-6)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-07feaddc-0a2a-4343-b58c-d44fe9989a93%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-150%20-51%20L%20-150%2039%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-07feaddc-0a2a-4343-b58c-d44fe9989a93)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-150%22%20y%3D%22-6%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Eweigh%20trap%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20150%20-6)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-245a70e0-76aa-41c2-b22c-86764fa3810c%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20150%20-51%20L%20150%2039%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-245a70e0-76aa-41c2-b22c-86764fa3810c)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22150%22%20y%3D%22-6%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Eweigh%20trap%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-150%20156)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-4d75055f-ec58-4c10-8293-16fac08c6815%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-150%20111%20L%20-150%20201%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-4d75055f-ec58-4c10-8293-16fac08c6815)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-150%22%20y%3D%22156%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Emass%20of%20CO2%20x%20M(C)%2FM(CO2)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20150%20156)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-40fa84e4-748c-4207-93ec-09de22dd1625%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20150%20111%20L%20150%20201%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-40fa84e4-748c-4207-93ec-09de22dd1625)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22150%22%20y%3D%22156%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Emass%20of%20H2O%20x%202M(H)%2FM(H2O)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-111.20689655172414%20318)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-b53d2555-25ac-4006-bef1-6534b7d28e8b%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-150%20273%20C%20-150%20280.5%20-162.93%20303%20-150%20318%20C%20-137.07%20333%20-85.34%20355.5%20-72.41%20363%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-b53d2555-25ac-4006-bef1-6534b7d28e8b)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20111.20689655172414%20318)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-8b345daa-1c50-4d5d-a0aa-4239c82e4b7d%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20150%20273%20C%20150%20280.5%20162.93%20303%20150%20318%20C%20137.07%20333%2085.34%20355.5%2072.41%20363%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-8b345daa-1c50-4d5d-a0aa-4239c82e4b7d)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L3 · Combustion Analysis · flowchart
Chemistry · L3 · Combustion Analysis · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-103%20-360)%20rotate(0%20103%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22206%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22103%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22103%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ESample%20of%20hard%20water%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-80%20-198)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpolygon%20points%3D%2280%2C0%20160%2C36%2080%2C72%200%2C36%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EBoil%20the%20water%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-450%20-36)%20rotate(0%20210%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22420%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22210%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22210%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ELimescale%20precipitates%20and%20water%20becomes%20soft%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(54.5%20-36)%20rotate(0%20185.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22371%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22185.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22185.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ENo%20limescale%20forms%20and%20water%20stays%20hard%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-450%20126)%20rotate(0%20210%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22420%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22210%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22210%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ETemporary%20hardness%3A%20caused%20by%20dissolved%20calcium%20hydrogencarbonate%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(30%20126)%20rotate(0%20210%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22420%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--red-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--red)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22210%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22210%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EPermanent%20hardness%3A%20caused%20by%20dissolved%20calcium%20or%20magnesium%20sulfate%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(30%20288)%20rotate(0%20210%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22420%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--blue-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--blue-hi)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22210%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22210%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ERemove%20using%20an%20ion-exchange%20softener%20or%20washing%20soda%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%200%20-243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-3648572f-6720-497f-afb6-4e2e5ec1ab84%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%200%20-288%20L%200%20-198%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-3648572f-6720-497f-afb6-4e2e5ec1ab84)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-160%20-85.5)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-75ac55a9-53bb-4040-9fcc-04cd3d648ee8%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-80%20-135%20C%20-106.67%20-126%20-213.33%20-97.5%20-240%20-81%20C%20-266.67%20-64.5%20-240%20-43.5%20-240%20-36%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-75ac55a9-53bb-4040-9fcc-04cd3d648ee8)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20160%20-85.5)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-d0c2cdd1-e702-4f62-9d20-9a1f404f0f94%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2080%20-135%20C%20106.67%20-126%20213.33%20-97.5%20240%20-81%20C%20266.67%20-64.5%20240%20-43.5%20240%20-36%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-d0c2cdd1-e702-4f62-9d20-9a1f404f0f94)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-240%2081)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-4fcf08cf-a18a-411b-b501-0d0fbec7b60a%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-240%2036%20L%20-240%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-4fcf08cf-a18a-411b-b501-0d0fbec7b60a)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20240%2081)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-3823305b-da27-4bef-a282-c9a7a522f91c%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20240%2036%20L%20240%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-3823305b-da27-4bef-a282-c9a7a522f91c)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20240%20243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-7c0d7df1-6ed7-4070-b244-ad22e98389b0%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20240%20198%20L%20240%20288%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-7c0d7df1-6ed7-4070-b244-ad22e98389b0)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L3 · Water Hardness · flowchart
Chemistry · L3 · Water Hardness · flowchart%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-232%20-441)%20rotate(0%20210%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22420%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22210%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22210%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ECoal%20power%20plants%20and%20vehicle%20engines%20burn%20fuel%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-232%20-279)%20rotate(0%20210%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22420%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--amber-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--amber)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22210%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22210%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ESulfur%20dioxide%20and%20nitrogen%20oxides%20released%20into%20the%20air%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-220.5%20-117)%20rotate(0%20198.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22397%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22198.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22198.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EGases%20dissolve%20in%20atmospheric%20water%20vapour%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-185.5%2045)%20rotate(0%20163.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22327%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22163.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22163.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ESulfuric%20acid%20and%20nitric%20acid%20form%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-116%20207)%20rotate(0%2094%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22188%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--red-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--red)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2294%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EFalls%20as%20acid%20rain%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-577%20369)%20rotate(0%20176.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22353%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22176.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22176.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EErodes%20limestone%20and%20marble%20buildings%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-164%20369)%20rotate(0%20142%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22284%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22142%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22142%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ELowers%20pH%20of%20lakes%20and%20rivers%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(180%20369)%20rotate(0%20198.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22397%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22198.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22198.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EDamages%20forests%20by%20leaching%20soil%20nutrients%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-22%20-324)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-005ec517-2212-479e-a4ff-0af0929b87e8%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-22%20-369%20L%20-22%20-279%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-005ec517-2212-479e-a4ff-0af0929b87e8)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-22%20-162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-fd60d108-a5ad-4c05-aeac-1de685dd7fd1%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-22%20-207%20L%20-22%20-117%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-fd60d108-a5ad-4c05-aeac-1de685dd7fd1)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-22%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-062e3c0a-697c-4b83-9c02-6f34ffe761c5%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-22%20-45%20L%20-22%2045%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-062e3c0a-697c-4b83-9c02-6f34ffe761c5)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-22%20162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-ebed43d0-2044-48b9-ba57-f4f75ecd9504%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-22%20117%20L%20-22%20207%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-ebed43d0-2044-48b9-ba57-f4f75ecd9504)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-258.25%20316.05812417437255)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-b947e978-3f24-4367-ac47-5a6a3c2f9ede%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-116%20263.12%20C%20-163.42%20273.26%20-353.08%20306.35%20-400.5%20324%20C%20-447.92%20341.65%20-400.5%20361.5%20-400.5%20369%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-b947e978-3f24-4367-ac47-5a6a3c2f9ede)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-22%20324)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-6750da6c-cf8a-41f4-85b2-a9cdbbf4e346%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-22%20279%20L%20-22%20369%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-6750da6c-cf8a-41f4-85b2-a9cdbbf4e346)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20225.25%20315.5056179775281)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-860be730-d2c2-4d17-8faf-6030c90b29a3%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2072%20262.01%20C%20123.08%20272.34%20327.42%20306.17%20378.5%20324%20C%20429.58%20341.83%20378.5%20361.5%20378.5%20369%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-860be730-d2c2-4d17-8faf-6030c90b29a3)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
FlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-216%20-198)%20rotate(0%20185.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22371%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22185.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22185.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ELook%20at%20the%20rate%20vs%20concentration%20graph%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-120.5%20-36)%20rotate(0%2090%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpolygon%20points%3D%2290%2C0%20180%2C36%2090%2C72%200%2C36%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2290%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2290%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EWhat%20shape%20is%20it%3F%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-442.5%20126)%20rotate(0%20124.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22249%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EFirst%20order%3A%20rate%20%3D%20k%C3%97%5BA%5D%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-133.5%20126)%20rotate(0%20103%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22206%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--amber-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--amber)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22103%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22103%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EZero%20order%3A%20rate%20%3D%20k%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(132.5%20126)%20rotate(0%20155%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22310%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--violet-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--violet)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22155%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22155%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EHigher%20order%2C%20e.g.%20rate%20%3D%20k%C3%97%5BA%5D%C2%B2%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-30.5%20-81)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-8a4fb05b-383f-4afc-a230-6432ef2c3779%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-30.5%20-126%20L%20-30.5%20-36%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-8a4fb05b-383f-4afc-a230-6432ef2c3779)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-219.25%2075.67826086956521)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-e930f1b2-b3c8-46ed-8a5e-ec5c4e89ebe5%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-120.5%2025.36%20C%20-153.42%2034.63%20-285.08%2064.23%20-318%2081%20C%20-350.92%2097.77%20-318%20118.5%20-318%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-e930f1b2-b3c8-46ed-8a5e-ec5c4e89ebe5)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-240.91%22%20y%3D%2259.28%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EStraight%20line%20through%20the%20origin%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-30.5%2081)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-2898505b-a220-41fe-ab0d-4212259d1806%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-30.5%2036%20L%20-30.5%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-2898505b-a220-41fe-ab0d-4212259d1806)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-30.5%22%20y%3D%2281%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EFlat%20horizontal%20line%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20173.5%2074.4622641509434)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-605c4ad3-3766-4bc5-9dd1-596fca321771%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2059.5%2022.92%20C%2097.5%2032.6%20249.5%2063.82%20287.5%2081%20C%20325.5%2098.18%20287.5%20118.5%20287.5%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-605c4ad3-3766-4bc5-9dd1-596fca321771)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22195.3%22%20y%3D%2257.52%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3ECurves%20upward%2C%20gets%20steeper%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L3 · Reading Rate Graphs · flowchart
Chemistry · L3 · Reading Rate Graphs · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-98.5%20-279)%20rotate(0%2098.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22197%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EMass%20of%20reactant%2C%20m%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-90%20-117)%20rotate(0%2090%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22180%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2290%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2290%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EMoles%20of%20reactant%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-107%2045)%20rotate(0%20107%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22214%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--amber-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--amber)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22107%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22107%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EMoles%20of%20gas%20produced%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-111.5%20207)%20rotate(0%20111.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22223%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EVolume%20of%20gas%20produced%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%200%20-162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-839d212e-69bd-42ca-bda9-d49c580bd194%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%200%20-207%20L%200%20-117%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-839d212e-69bd-42ca-bda9-d49c580bd194)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%22-162%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Edivide%20by%20molar%20mass%3A%20n%20%3D%20m%20%2F%20M%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%200%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-fedcf253-4466-4a4a-bb67-021fc3f1a741%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%200%20-45%20L%200%2045%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-fedcf253-4466-4a4a-bb67-021fc3f1a741)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%220%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Emole%20ratio%20from%20balanced%20equation%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%200%20162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-86c1cc80-b573-4f94-9846-124976f96012%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%200%20117%20L%200%20207%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-86c1cc80-b573-4f94-9846-124976f96012)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%22162%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Emultiply%20by%20molar%20volume%3A%20V%20%3D%20n%20x%20Vm%2C%2024%20dm3%2Fmol%20at%20RTP%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L3 · Avogadro's Law and Molar Gas Volume · flowchart
Chemistry · L3 · Avogadro's Law and Molar Gas Volume · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-72.25%20-360)%20rotate(0%2081%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22162%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2281%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2281%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EChain%20structure%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-85.25%20-198)%20rotate(0%2094%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpolygon%20points%3D%2294%2C0%20188%2C36%2094%2C72%200%2C36%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2294%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EPacking%20route%20or%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eflexibility%20route%3F%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-361.5%20-36)%20rotate(0%2094%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpolygon%20points%3D%2294%2C0%20188%2C36%2094%2C72%200%2C36%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2294%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EHow%20regular%20is%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Ethe%20chain%20packing%3F%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-522.5%20126)%20rotate(0%20107%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22214%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--blue-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--blue-hi)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22107%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22107%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EHigh%20crystallinity%20Xc%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-222.5%20126)%20rotate(0%20103%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22206%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22103%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22103%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ELow%20crystallinity%20Xc%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(193%20-36)%20rotate(0%20103%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpolygon%20points%3D%22103%2C0%20206%2C36%20103%2C72%200%2C36%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22103%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22103%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EHow%20easily%20does%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22103%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Ethe%20backbone%20rotate%3F%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(79%20126)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--amber-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--amber)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EHigh%20Tg%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(353%20126)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ELow%20Tg%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-540%20288)%20rotate(0%20124.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22249%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EStiffer%2C%20denser%2C%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Emore%20opaque%2C%20more%20brittle%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-231%20288)%20rotate(0%20111.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22223%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EMore%20flexible%2C%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eclearer%2C%20lower%20density%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(52%20288)%20rotate(0%20107%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22214%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22107%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22107%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ERigid%20glass%20persists%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22107%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eto%20higher%20temperature%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(326%20288)%20rotate(0%20107%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22214%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22107%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22107%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ERubbery%20%2F%20soft%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22107%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Enear%20room%20temperature%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%208.75%20-243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-e773cb74-cf97-4733-a843-c8baf3d0428d%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%208.75%20-288%20L%208.75%20-198%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-e773cb74-cf97-4733-a843-c8baf3d0428d)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-176.375%20-85.21900452488688)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-cda56d14-ac6d-461e-a8be-ec1ae51280ae%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-85.25%20-134.44%20C%20-115.62%20-125.53%20-237.12%20-97.41%20-267.5%20-81%20C%20-297.87%20-64.59%20-267.5%20-43.5%20-267.5%20-36%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-cda56d14-ac6d-461e-a8be-ec1ae51280ae)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-197.97%22%20y%3D%22-101.39%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3ELinear%20vs%20branched%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-374.3888888888889%2081)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-624b52a0-279d-475d-a397-95d9a02ffb4f%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-333.28%2036%20C%20-346.98%2043.5%20-401.8%2066%20-415.5%2081%20C%20-429.2%2096%20-415.5%20118.5%20-415.5%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-624b52a0-279d-475d-a397-95d9a02ffb4f)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-394.13%22%20y%3D%2269.3%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3ELinear%2C%20regular%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-160.61111111111111%2081)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-effca0a4-08c5-4f0b-820f-58f255b79636%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-201.72%2036%20C%20-188.02%2043.5%20-133.2%2066%20-119.5%2081%20C%20-105.8%2096%20-119.5%20118.5%20-119.5%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-effca0a4-08c5-4f0b-820f-58f255b79636)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-140.87%22%20y%3D%2269.3%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EBranched%2C%20irregular%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20199.375%20-85.7467362924282)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-3996a5a2-d7d2-4839-8871-0f25406d3b32%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20102.75%20-135.49%20C%20134.96%20-126.41%20263.79%20-97.58%20296%20-81%20C%20328.21%20-64.42%20296%20-43.5%20296%20-36%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-3996a5a2-d7d2-4839-8871-0f25406d3b32)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22221.03%22%20y%3D%22-102.14%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EBackbone%20flexibility%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20197.05555555555554%2081)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-4a9b8610-97ea-4e30-bd63-0661050f5a03%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20235.11%2036%20C%20222.43%2043.5%20171.69%2066%20159%2081%20C%20146.31%2096%20159%20118.5%20159%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-4a9b8610-97ea-4e30-bd63-0661050f5a03)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22177.69%22%20y%3D%2269.95%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EBulky%20%2F%20rigid%0Aside%20groups%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20394.94444444444446%2081)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-bc79974c-db7c-47ff-a81a-4da5696e26c6%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20356.89%2036%20C%20369.57%2043.5%20420.31%2066%20433%2081%20C%20445.69%2096%20433%20118.5%20433%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-bc79974c-db7c-47ff-a81a-4da5696e26c6)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22414.31%22%20y%3D%2269.95%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EFlexible%20backbone%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-415.5%20243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-2a35cac6-cdd5-4fc1-b52d-8140f86bfb2a%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-415.5%20198%20L%20-415.5%20288%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-2a35cac6-cdd5-4fc1-b52d-8140f86bfb2a)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-119.5%20243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-f4087f9c-a05e-4a1f-baa4-0fcc66f607ca%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-119.5%20198%20L%20-119.5%20288%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-f4087f9c-a05e-4a1f-baa4-0fcc66f607ca)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20159%20243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-a2211361-43f4-4a69-a81f-460daca98e15%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20159%20198%20L%20159%20288%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-a2211361-43f4-4a69-a81f-460daca98e15)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20433%20243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-59c8fdb0-77f2-4d8a-a210-1c566a2ccb39%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20433%20198%20L%20433%20288%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-59c8fdb0-77f2-4d8a-a210-1c566a2ccb39)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L5 · Glass Transition, Crystallinity & Chain-Structure–Property Control · flowchart
Chemistry · L5 · Glass Transition, Crystallinity & Chain-Structure–Property Control · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-109.25%20-441)%20rotate(0%20111.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22223%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EComplex%20molecule%3A%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eoverlapping%201D%20signals%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-91.75%20-279)%20rotate(0%2094%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpolygon%20points%3D%2294%2C0%20188%2C36%2094%2C72%200%2C36%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2294%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EWhich%20connectivity%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Edo%20you%20need%3F%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-230%20-117)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ERun%20COSY%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3EAxes%3A%20%C2%B9H%20vs%20%C2%B9H%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(73.5%20-117)%20rotate(0%2081%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22162%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2281%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2281%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ERun%20HSQC%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2281%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3EAxes%3A%20%C2%B9H%20vs%20%C2%B9%C2%B3C%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-274.5%2045)%20rotate(0%20124.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22249%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EOff-diagonal%20cross-peaks%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Emark%20coupled%20proton%20pairs%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(34.5%2045)%20rotate(0%20120%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22240%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22120%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22120%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ECross-peaks%20mark%20each%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22120%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eproton%26%2339%3Bs%20attached%20carbon%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-274.5%20207)%20rotate(0%20124.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22249%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ETrace%20connectivity%20across%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Ethe%20proton%20skeleton%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(43%20207)%20rotate(0%20111.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22223%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EAssign%20CH%2C%20CH2%2C%20or%20CH3%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eto%20each%20carbon%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-109.25%20369)%20rotate(0%20111.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22223%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ECombine%20COSY%20and%20HSQC%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Einto%20one%20structure%20map%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%202.25%20-324)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-b5dd91bd-5548-43c8-b13e-8d07a1097d2c%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%202.25%20-369%20L%202.25%20-279%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-b5dd91bd-5548-43c8-b13e-8d07a1097d2c)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-107.70833333333333%20-162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-fc888c96-f0d2-4000-8125-ea546edd11c4%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-65.42%20-207%20C%20-79.51%20-199.5%20-135.9%20-177%20-150%20-162%20C%20-164.1%20-147%20-150%20-124.5%20-150%20-117%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-fc888c96-f0d2-4000-8125-ea546edd11c4)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-127.57%22%20y%3D%22-173.93%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EH-H%2C%202%20to%203%20bonds%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20112.20833333333333%20-162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-70f46fd5-ea38-4613-9fa7-bdc051a7b88b%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2069.92%20-207%20C%2084.01%20-199.5%20140.4%20-177%20154.5%20-162%20C%20168.6%20-147%20154.5%20-124.5%20154.5%20-117%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-70f46fd5-ea38-4613-9fa7-bdc051a7b88b)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22132.07%22%20y%3D%22-173.93%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EDirect%20C-H%2C%201%20bond%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-150%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-8a2b14c4-d015-488a-ae08-f317b234eac9%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-150%20-45%20L%20-150%2045%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-8a2b14c4-d015-488a-ae08-f317b234eac9)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20154.5%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-8a13c1bb-3876-4b1c-8d88-d651f62f43e3%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20154.5%20-45%20L%20154.5%2045%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-8a13c1bb-3876-4b1c-8d88-d651f62f43e3)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-150%20162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-15a2257c-24eb-4e9d-9895-c785e93127aa%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-150%20117%20L%20-150%20207%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-15a2257c-24eb-4e9d-9895-c785e93127aa)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20154.5%20162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-6446e2ff-2906-47f6-b87e-3fe818ef7143%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20154.5%20117%20L%20154.5%20207%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-6446e2ff-2906-47f6-b87e-3fe818ef7143)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-107.70833333333333%20324)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-35239658-905b-4ee7-870f-ff951171d113%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-150%20279%20C%20-150%20286.5%20-164.1%20309%20-150%20324%20C%20-135.9%20339%20-79.51%20361.5%20-65.42%20369%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-35239658-905b-4ee7-870f-ff951171d113)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20112.20833333333333%20324)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-d999f050-8a75-43b5-9631-7427ca7b14ae%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20154.5%20279%20C%20154.5%20286.5%20168.6%20309%20154.5%20324%20C%20140.4%20339%2084.01%20361.5%2069.92%20369%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-d999f050-8a75-43b5-9631-7427ca7b14ae)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L5 · Advanced NMR: 2D Techniques & Coupling Analysis · flowchart
Chemistry · L5 · Advanced NMR: 2D Techniques & Coupling Analysis · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-18.5%20-279)%20rotate(0%2081%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22162%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%2232%22%20ry%3D%2232%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2281%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2281%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EGround%20state%20S0%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-158%20-117)%20rotate(0%2085.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22171%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EExcited%20state%20Sn%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-134.25%2045)%20rotate(0%20124.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22249%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ELowest%20excited%20singlet%20S1%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-13%20207)%20rotate(0%2085.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22171%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ETriplet%20state%20T1%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-35%20-162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-e0cd3e8b-304e-4b37-8aa6-9f23efe30cd3%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%202.5%20-207%20C%20-10%20-199.5%20-60%20-177%20-72.5%20-162%20C%20-85%20-147%20-72.5%20-124.5%20-72.5%20-117%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-e0cd3e8b-304e-4b37-8aa6-9f23efe30cd3)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-54.29%22%20y%3D%22-172.92%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EAbsorb%20photon%3A%20hv%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-55.06944444444444%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-5aead0be-78a5-42cc-926b-7e2059ec5a0f%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-72.5%20-45%20C%20-72.5%20-37.5%20-78.31%20-15%20-72.5%200%20C%20-66.69%2015%20-43.45%2037.5%20-37.64%2045%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-5aead0be-78a5-42cc-926b-7e2059ec5a0f)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-68.85%22%20y%3D%224.71%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EInternal%20conversion%3A%20fast%2C%20no%20photon%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%2042.43055555555556%20-81)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-a2bc26d8-f3bd-4064-aca5-96565644398b%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2022.36%2045%20C%2029.05%2037.5%2055.81%2021%2062.5%200%20C%2069.19%20-21%2062.5%20-54%2062.5%20-81%20C%2062.5%20-108%2062.5%20-141%2062.5%20-162%20C%2062.5%20-183%2062.5%20-199.5%2062.5%20-207%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-a2bc26d8-f3bd-4064-aca5-96565644398b)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2262.5%22%20y%3D%22-73.35%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EFluorescence%3A%20ns%2C%20same%20spin%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%2042.43055555555556%20-81)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-37ff7e2f-e70b-4359-bdcc-4b5aa7f9f942%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2022.36%2045%20C%2029.05%2037.5%2055.81%2021%2062.5%200%20C%2069.19%20-21%2062.5%20-54%2062.5%20-81%20C%2062.5%20-108%2062.5%20-141%2062.5%20-162%20C%2062.5%20-183%2062.5%20-199.5%2062.5%20-207%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-37ff7e2f-e70b-4359-bdcc-4b5aa7f9f942)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2262.5%22%20y%3D%22-73.35%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3ENon-radiative%20decay%3A%20heat%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%2013.097222222222225%20162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-76f54fa8-528a-4e47-9cf0-e1c6321263c5%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-9.75%20117%20C%20-9.75%20124.5%20-17.37%20147%20-9.75%20162%20C%20-2.13%20177%2028.33%20199.5%2035.94%20207%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-76f54fa8-528a-4e47-9cf0-e1c6321263c5)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-2.93%22%20y%3D%22168.71%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EIntersystem%20crossing%3A%20spin%20flip%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20129.125%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-971b03e5-9d4b-4623-a1d4-b0332acccc72%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20109.06%20207%20C%20116.67%20199.5%20147.13%20183%20154.75%20162%20C%20162.37%20141%20154.75%20108%20154.75%2081%20C%20154.75%2054%20154.75%2027%20154.75%200%20C%20154.75%20-27%20154.75%20-54%20154.75%20-81%20C%20154.75%20-108%20163.29%20-141%20154.75%20-162%20C%20146.21%20-183%20112.04%20-199.5%20103.5%20-207%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-971b03e5-9d4b-4623-a1d4-b0332acccc72)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22154.75%22%20y%3D%22-2.03%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EPhosphorescence%3A%20ms%20to%20hours%2C%20spin%20flip%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20129.125%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-c63e1334-f5f2-4be9-9f11-b82035b32943%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20109.06%20207%20C%20116.67%20199.5%20147.13%20183%20154.75%20162%20C%20162.37%20141%20154.75%20108%20154.75%2081%20C%20154.75%2054%20154.75%2027%20154.75%200%20C%20154.75%20-27%20154.75%20-54%20154.75%20-81%20C%20154.75%20-108%20163.29%20-141%20154.75%20-162%20C%20146.21%20-183%20112.04%20-199.5%20103.5%20-207%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-c63e1334-f5f2-4be9-9f11-b82035b32943)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22154.75%22%20y%3D%22-2.03%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3ENon-radiative%20decay%3A%20heat%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L5 · Photochemistry: The Jablonski Diagram · flowchart
Chemistry · L5 · Photochemistry: The Jablonski Diagram · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-384%20-102)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EAlcohol%3A%20R-OH%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-94%20-36)%20rotate(0%20133%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpolygon%20points%3D%22133%2C0%20266%2C36%20133%2C72%200%2C36%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22133%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22133%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EAcid%20catalyst%20%2B%20gentle%20heat%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-424%2030)%20rotate(0%20120%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22240%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22120%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22120%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ECarboxylic%20acid%3A%20R%26%2339%3B-COOH%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(262%20-102)%20rotate(0%2081%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22162%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2281%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2281%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EEster%3A%20R%26%2339%3B-COO-R%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(263%2030)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EWater%3A%20H2O%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-141.04545454545453%20-51)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-72136634-9786-4992-8111-e6a981e76c8d%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-224%20-66%20C%20-209.83%20-66%20-166.65%20-71%20-139%20-66%20C%20-111.35%20-61%20-71.58%20-41%20-58.09%20-36%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-72136634-9786-4992-8111-e6a981e76c8d)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-121.04545454545453%2051)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-7b3ee78c-8e11-415c-8ba4-7a4b5c20fae9%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-184%2066%20C%20-176.5%2066%20-159.98%2071%20-139%2066%20C%20-118.02%2061%20-71.58%2041%20-58.09%2036%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-7b3ee78c-8e11-415c-8ba4-7a4b5c20fae9)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20199.04545454545453%20-51)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-e47e7745-a716-47e3-8770-418fa6a41ba2%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20136.09%20-36%20C%20149.58%20-41%20196.02%20-61%20217%20-66%20C%20237.98%20-71%20254.5%20-66%20262%20-66%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-e47e7745-a716-47e3-8770-418fa6a41ba2)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20199.54545454545453%2051)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-4f2558ba-aef3-46fd-a722-d89025484e13%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20136.09%2036%20C%20149.58%2041%20195.85%2061%20217%2066%20C%20238.15%2071%20255.33%2066%20263%2066%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-4f2558ba-aef3-46fd-a722-d89025484e13)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L3 · Esters — Formation and Uses · flowchart
Chemistry · L3 · Esters — Formation and Uses · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-316.25%20-198)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3E%CE%94EN%20%E2%89%88%200%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(41.25%20-198)%20rotate(0%20202.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22405%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--blue-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--blue-hi)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22202.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22202.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ENonpolar%20covalent%3A%20electrons%20shared%20equally%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(163.75%20-36)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3E%CE%94EN%20increases%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-446.25%20-36)%20rotate(0%20210%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22420%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--amber-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--amber)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22210%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22210%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EPolar%20covalent%3A%20electrons%20pulled%20toward%20one%20atom%2C%20%CE%B4%2B%20%2F%20%CE%B4%E2%88%92%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-343.25%20126)%20rotate(0%20107%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22214%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22107%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22107%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3E%CE%94EN%20increases%20further%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(58.25%20126)%20rotate(0%20185.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22371%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--red-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--red)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22185.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22185.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EIonic%3A%20electron%20essentially%20transferred%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-57.5%20-162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-571394a4-e087-40b2-8153-600459187121%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-156.25%20-162%20L%2041.25%20-162%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-571394a4-e087-40b2-8153-600459187121)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20243.75%20-81)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-b685bfc5-74e1-4887-8321-62d09424d36b%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20243.75%20-126%20L%20243.75%20-36%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-b685bfc5-74e1-4887-8321-62d09424d36b)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%2068.75%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-716ed8a4-fb03-46ca-81c0-ebb40948d1ed%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20163.75%200%20L%20-26.25%200%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-716ed8a4-fb03-46ca-81c0-ebb40948d1ed)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-236.25%2081)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-ca1af2b7-15f1-4ec0-8bda-44d2e3311f26%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-236.25%2036%20L%20-236.25%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-ca1af2b7-15f1-4ec0-8bda-44d2e3311f26)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-35.5%20162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-a58cc6b6-f711-42af-9657-3e402b587756%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-129.25%20162%20L%2058.25%20162%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-a58cc6b6-f711-42af-9657-3e402b587756)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L3 · Electronegativity and Bond Polarity · flowchart
Chemistry · L3 · Electronegativity and Bond Polarity · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-210%20-198)%20rotate(0%20210%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22420%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--red-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--red)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22210%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22210%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EToxic%20exhaust%20gases%3A%20CO%2C%20unburnt%20hydrocarbons%2C%20NOx%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-210%20-36)%20rotate(0%20210%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22420%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22210%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22210%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ECatalytic%20converter%3A%20platinum%2C%20palladium%20%26amp%3B%20rhodium%20catalysts%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-124.5%20126)%20rotate(0%20124.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22249%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ESafer%20gases%3A%20CO2%2C%20H2O%2C%20N2%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%200%20-81)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-468dc213-8890-451f-a72c-f2300f47fcc9%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%200%20-126%20L%200%20-36%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-468dc213-8890-451f-a72c-f2300f47fcc9)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%200%2081)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-e90defbc-9e8b-422d-b902-d475d2b12ab5%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%200%2036%20L%200%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-e90defbc-9e8b-422d-b902-d475d2b12ab5)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L3 · Catalysts in Industry · flowchart
Chemistry · L3 · Catalysts in Industry · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-218.5%20-360)%20rotate(0%2090%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22180%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2290%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2290%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ECa%20ion%3A%20charge%20%2B2%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-154.75%20-198)%20rotate(0%20150.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22301%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22150.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22150.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ECross%20the%20charges%20as%20subscripts%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(21.5%20-360)%20rotate(0%2098.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22197%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ENO3-%20ion%3A%20charge%20-1%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-198.25%20-36)%20rotate(0%20194%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22388%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22194%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22194%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ECa%20gets%20subscript%201%2C%20NO3%20gets%20subscript%202%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-214.25%20126)%20rotate(0%20210%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22420%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22210%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22210%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ESimplify%3F%201%20and%202%20share%20no%20common%20factor%2C%20so%20keep%20both%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-120.25%20288)%20rotate(0%20116%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22232%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22116%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22116%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EFinal%20formula%3A%20Ca(NO3)2%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-93.98611111111111%20-243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-825bc02c-7637-4647-8a10-fe6b17181ecf%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-128.5%20-288%20C%20-128.5%20-280.5%20-140%20-258%20-128.5%20-243%20C%20-117%20-228%20-70.98%20-205.5%20-59.47%20-198%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-825bc02c-7637-4647-8a10-fe6b17181ecf)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%2085.48611111111111%20-243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-620ce309-e9fc-48b6-9245-4853c4cb1013%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20120%20-288%20C%20120%20-280.5%20131.5%20-258%20120%20-243%20C%20108.5%20-228%2062.48%20-205.5%2050.97%20-198%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-620ce309-e9fc-48b6-9245-4853c4cb1013)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-4.25%20-81)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-4f02030b-af8f-48f2-a20e-6c08cf707c71%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-4.25%20-126%20L%20-4.25%20-36%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-4f02030b-af8f-48f2-a20e-6c08cf707c71)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-4.25%2081)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-b837dcf9-a748-4157-83e3-984288ea10d0%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-4.25%2036%20L%20-4.25%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-b837dcf9-a748-4157-83e3-984288ea10d0)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-4.25%20243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-75633d82-fb9d-4e0d-9eae-885f3eccb04b%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-4.25%20198%20L%20-4.25%20288%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-75633d82-fb9d-4e0d-9eae-885f3eccb04b)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L3 · Naming and Writing Ionic Formulae · flowchart
Chemistry · L3 · Naming and Writing Ionic Formulae · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-690%20-279)%20rotate(0%20210%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22420%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22210%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22210%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EDraw%20a%20pencil%20baseline%20near%20the%20bottom%20of%20the%20paper%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-635%20-117)%20rotate(0%20155%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22310%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22155%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22155%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ESpot%20the%20mixture%20on%20the%20baseline%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-690%2045)%20rotate(0%20210%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22420%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22210%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22210%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EStand%20the%20paper%20in%20solvent%2C%20below%20the%20baseline%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-639%20207)%20rotate(0%20159%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22318%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22159%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22159%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ELet%20the%20solvent%20rise%20up%20the%20paper%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-210%20207)%20rotate(0%20210%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22420%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22210%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22210%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ERemove%20the%20paper%20just%20before%20the%20solvent%20reaches%20the%20top%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-210%2045)%20rotate(0%20210%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22420%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22210%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22210%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EImmediately%20mark%20the%20solvent%20front%2C%20then%20let%20the%20paper%20dry%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-210%20-117)%20rotate(0%20210%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22420%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22210%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22210%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EMeasure%20baseline-to-spot%20distance%20for%20each%20substance%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-198.5%20-279)%20rotate(0%20198.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22397%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22198.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22198.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EMeasure%20baseline-to-solvent-front%20distance%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(270%20-279)%20rotate(0%20210%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22420%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--blue-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--blue-hi)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22210%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22210%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ERf%20%3D%20distance%20to%20spot%20%2F%20distance%20to%20solvent%20front%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-480%20-162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-f8c25b59-700d-4689-b6dd-1fda3db4c7fb%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-480%20-207%20L%20-480%20-117%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-f8c25b59-700d-4689-b6dd-1fda3db4c7fb)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-480%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-92ec2253-05af-470c-9c2b-b2ca8db1f0c8%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-480%20-45%20L%20-480%2045%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-92ec2253-05af-470c-9c2b-b2ca8db1f0c8)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-480%20162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-138b1ae5-7ccd-4156-a21e-37aebce17ef5%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-480%20117%20L%20-480%20207%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-138b1ae5-7ccd-4156-a21e-37aebce17ef5)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-265.5%20243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-13dbd991-d47a-4746-acc6-4e147932b403%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-321%20243%20L%20-210%20243%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-13dbd991-d47a-4746-acc6-4e147932b403)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%200%20162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-97cb48b7-59b6-4761-a166-8b0b2dd8e463%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%200%20207%20L%200%20117%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-97cb48b7-59b6-4761-a166-8b0b2dd8e463)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%200%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-ea9f4e85-ef83-464e-b7f6-3c8879cdd207%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%200%2045%20L%200%20-45%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-ea9f4e85-ef83-464e-b7f6-3c8879cdd207)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%200%20-162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-8bcc7dd4-1576-441e-9493-6647fd782a81%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%200%20-117%20L%200%20-207%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-8bcc7dd4-1576-441e-9493-6647fd782a81)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20234.25%20-243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-e4d3d53b-9ae0-4912-af99-2376b1bc112d%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20198.5%20-243%20L%20270%20-243%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-e4d3d53b-9ae0-4912-af99-2376b1bc112d)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L3 · Chromatography and Rf Values · flowchart
Chemistry · L3 · Chromatography and Rf Values · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-641%20-42)%20rotate(0%2098.5%2042)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22197%22%20height%3D%2284%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20y%3D%2242%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20dy%3D%22-16.8%22%3ESolid%20heating%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Ebelow%20melting%20point%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eq%20%3D%20mcDeltaT%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-354%20-42)%20rotate(0%2085.5%2042)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22171%22%20height%3D%2284%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--amber-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--amber)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20y%3D%2242%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20dy%3D%22-16.8%22%3EMelting%20plateau%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eat%20melting%20point%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eq%20%3D%20mL%20fusion%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-93%20-42)%20rotate(0%2098.5%2042)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22197%22%20height%3D%2284%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20y%3D%2242%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20dy%3D%22-16.8%22%3ELiquid%20heating%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eabove%20melting%20point%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eq%20%3D%20mcDeltaT%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(194%20-42)%20rotate(0%2098.5%2042)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22197%22%20height%3D%2284%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--amber-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--amber)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20y%3D%2242%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20dy%3D%22-16.8%22%3EBoiling%20plateau%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eat%20boiling%20point%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eq%20%3D%20mL%20vaporization%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(481%20-36)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EGas%20above%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eboiling%20point%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-399%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-49aba0a0-f504-4e7b-8763-51e191645923%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-444%200%20L%20-354%200%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-49aba0a0-f504-4e7b-8763-51e191645923)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-138%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-d045e776-7a0d-4fea-ad5d-b92b8ea9d590%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-183%200%20L%20-93%200%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-d045e776-7a0d-4fea-ad5d-b92b8ea9d590)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20149%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-56cf64d3-e1df-41b9-991f-0aa90c6f4bed%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20104%200%20L%20194%200%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-56cf64d3-e1df-41b9-991f-0aa90c6f4bed)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20436%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-30997037-be97-4c70-b0f5-b44f336ea59e%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20391%200%20L%20481%200%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-30997037-be97-4c70-b0f5-b44f336ea59e)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L3 · Specific Latent Heat · flowchart
Chemistry · L3 · Specific Latent Heat · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-191.5%20-279)%20rotate(0%20172%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22344%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22172%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22172%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EAdd%20one%20drop%20of%20purple%20KMnO4%20titrant%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-6%20-117)%20rotate(0%20189.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpolygon%20points%3D%22189.5%2C0%20379%2C36%20189.5%2C72%200%2C36%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22189.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22189.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EIs%20unreacted%20analyte%20still%20in%20the%20flask%3F%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-396%2045)%20rotate(0%20163.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22327%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22163.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22163.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EMnO4-%20is%20reduced%20to%20pale%20Mn2%2B%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22163.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Epurple%20colour%20disappears%20instantly%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-9%2045)%20rotate(0%20202.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22405%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--violet-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--violet)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22202.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22202.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EExcess%20MnO4-%20has%20nothing%20left%20to%20react%20with%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22202.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Esolution%20stays%20faintly%20purple%2Fpink%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(21.5%20207)%20rotate(0%20172%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22344%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22172%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22172%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EPersistent%20colour%20%3D%20endpoint%20reached%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20127.11111111111111%20-162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-3fdea268-aada-4856-8fb1-c4b744ec8cb6%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2070.72%20-207%20C%2089.52%20-199.5%20164.7%20-177%20183.5%20-162%20C%20202.3%20-147%20183.5%20-124.5%20183.5%20-117%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-3fdea268-aada-4856-8fb1-c4b744ec8cb6)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-26.722222222222214%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-2f849128-9136-4415-930d-3f2097fd78e0%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2088.83%20-45%20C%2069.11%20-37.5%209.02%20-15%20-29.5%200%20C%20-68.02%2015%20-123.48%2037.5%20-142.28%2045%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-2f849128-9136-4415-930d-3f2097fd78e0)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-27.08%22%20y%3D%22-0.92%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EYes%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-180.55555555555554%20-81)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-f98f37cf-5e1d-4baa-899f-7d8bd9f1c6d1%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-236.94%2045%20C%20-237.87%2037.5%20-241.57%2021%20-242.5%200%20C%20-243.43%20-21%20-242.5%20-54%20-242.5%20-81%20C%20-242.5%20-108%20-263.15%20-141%20-242.5%20-162%20C%20-221.85%20-183%20-139.26%20-199.5%20-118.61%20-207%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-f98f37cf-5e1d-4baa-899f-7d8bd9f1c6d1)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20190.72222222222223%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-180ac245-a0d4-46a1-be01-e34831335be6%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20187.94%20-45%20C%20188.87%20-37.5%20192.57%20-15%20193.5%200%20C%20194.43%2015%20193.5%2037.5%20193.5%2045%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-180ac245-a0d4-46a1-be01-e34831335be6)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22193.48%22%20y%3D%22-0.17%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3ENo%20%E2%80%94%20analyte%20just%20used%20up%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20193.5%20162)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-ccd21c69-04b7-427d-9827-2030f8d315d1%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20193.5%20117%20L%20193.5%20207%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-ccd21c69-04b7-427d-9827-2030f8d315d1)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L3 · Redox Titrations · flowchart
Chemistry · L3 · Redox Titrations · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-354%20-102)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%2232%22%20ry%3D%2232%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ENu%E2%81%BB%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(nucleophile)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-354%2030)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EC%E2%80%93LG%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(substrate)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-104%20-36)%20rotate(0%2090%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22180%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--amber-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--amber)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2290%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2290%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ETS%3A%20Nu%C2%B7%C2%B7%C2%B7C%C2%B7%C2%B7%C2%B7LG%E2%81%BB%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2290%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(pentacoordinate)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(166%20-102)%20rotate(0%2094%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22188%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2294%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ENu%E2%80%93C%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(inverted%20product)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(179%2030)%20rotate(0%2081%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22162%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%2232%22%20ry%3D%2232%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2281%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2281%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ELG%E2%81%BB%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2281%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(leaving%20group)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-140.8181818181818%20-51)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-9e74bfa9-5911-40cd-bcb3-2bca81b0ae26%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-194%20-66%20C%20-186.5%20-66%20-166.73%20-71%20-149%20-66%20C%20-131.27%20-61%20-97.86%20-41%20-87.64%20-36%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-9e74bfa9-5911-40cd-bcb3-2bca81b0ae26)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-138.53%22%20y%3D%22-60.88%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Ebackside%20attack%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-140.8181818181818%2051)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-812038e4-5471-4bcd-a7b3-750b53f14959%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-194%2066%20C%20-186.5%2066%20-166.73%2071%20-149%2066%20C%20-131.27%2061%20-97.86%2041%20-87.64%2036%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-812038e4-5471-4bcd-a7b3-750b53f14959)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20112.81818181818181%20-51)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-871fe20a-ceeb-4791-979a-9840609feca4%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2059.64%20-36%20C%2069.86%20-41%20103.27%20-61%20121%20-66%20C%20138.73%20-71%20158.5%20-66%20166%20-66%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-871fe20a-ceeb-4791-979a-9840609feca4)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22110.53%22%20y%3D%22-60.88%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Ebond%20forms%20%2F%20LG%20departs%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20119.31818181818181%2051)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-f0842e4b-b78d-47de-98db-2af600eb4808%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2059.64%2036%20C%2069.86%2041%20101.11%2061%20121%2066%20C%20140.89%2071%20169.33%2066%20179%2066%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-f0842e4b-b78d-47de-98db-2af600eb4808)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L4 · Organic reaction mechanisms: nucleophiles, electrophiles, and arrow pushing · flowchart
Chemistry · L4 · Organic reaction mechanisms: nucleophiles, electrophiles, and arrow pushing · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-358.5%20-36)%20rotate(0%20103%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22206%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22103%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22103%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EC%E2%80%93LG%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22103%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(tertiary%20substrate)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-62.5%20-36)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--violet-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--violet)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3Ecarbocation%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(planar%2C%20sp%C2%B2)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(187.5%20-102)%20rotate(0%2085.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22171%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ENu%E2%80%93C%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(retention%20face)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(187.5%2030)%20rotate(0%2085.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22171%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ENu%E2%80%93C%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(inversion%20face)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-107.5%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-8b085883-5de0-4501-9589-e1576f248edb%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-152.5%200%20L%20-62.5%200%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-8b085883-5de0-4501-9589-e1576f248edb)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-107.5%22%20y%3D%220%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Eionisation%20(slow)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20136.5909090909091%20-51)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-b488ba96-7225-4885-af65-cf11e27d08bb%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2085.68%20-36%20C%2095.15%20-41%20125.53%20-61%20142.5%20-66%20C%20159.47%20-71%20180%20-66%20187.5%20-66%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-b488ba96-7225-4885-af65-cf11e27d08bb)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22133.99%22%20y%3D%22-61.51%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3ENu%20attacks%20top%20face%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20136.5909090909091%2051)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-ea1eb8bf-bccf-4268-afb6-d0e6eef14aab%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2085.68%2036%20C%2095.15%2041%20125.53%2061%20142.5%2066%20C%20159.47%2071%20180%2066%20187.5%2066%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-ea1eb8bf-bccf-4268-afb6-d0e6eef14aab)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22133.99%22%20y%3D%2261.51%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3ENu%20attacks%20bottom%20face%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L4 · Organic reaction mechanisms: nucleophiles, electrophiles, and arrow pushing · flowchart
Chemistry · L4 · Organic reaction mechanisms: nucleophiles, electrophiles, and arrow pushing · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-357%20-36)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%2232%22%20ry%3D%2232%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EReactants%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-85.5%20-102)%20rotate(0%2085.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22171%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--red-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--red)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ETransition%20state%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(Ea%20peak)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-107%2030)%20rotate(0%20107%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22214%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--amber-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--amber)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22107%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22107%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ETransition%20state%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22107%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(catalysed%2C%20lower%20Ea)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(197%20-36)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%2232%22%20ry%3D%2232%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EProducts%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-147.1590909090909%20-51)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-6b7e531a-107f-4c09-910c-3c0b7e01c552%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-208.82%20-36%20C%20-199.35%20-41%20-172.55%20-61%20-152%20-66%20C%20-131.45%20-71%20-96.58%20-66%20-85.5%20-66%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-6b7e531a-107f-4c09-910c-3c0b7e01c552)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-150.88%22%20y%3D%22-66%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Euncatalysed%20Ea%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20147.1590909090909%20-51)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-3fcbaf52-5283-4923-936b-f0f0939d0cfb%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2085.5%20-66%20C%2096.58%20-66%20131.45%20-71%20152%20-66%20C%20172.55%20-61%20199.35%20-41%20208.82%20-36%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-3fcbaf52-5283-4923-936b-f0f0939d0cfb)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-157.9090909090909%2051)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-02d0617e-0485-42a5-a3df-6e6dcb48703b%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-208.82%2036%20C%20-199.35%2041%20-168.97%2061%20-152%2066%20C%20-135.03%2071%20-114.5%2066%20-107%2066%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-02d0617e-0485-42a5-a3df-6e6dcb48703b)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-160.51%22%20y%3D%2261.51%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Ecatalysed%20Ea%20(lower)%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20157.9090909090909%2051)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-6731d592-c03c-4c60-92c2-81ee99433883%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20107%2066%20C%20114.5%2066%20135.03%2071%20152%2066%20C%20168.97%2061%20199.35%2041%20208.82%2036%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-6731d592-c03c-4c60-92c2-81ee99433883)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L4 · Chemical kinetics: rate laws, activation energy, and catalysis · flowchart
Chemistry · L4 · Chemical kinetics: rate laws, activation energy, and catalysis · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-100.75%20-447)%20rotate(0%20103%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22206%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%2232%22%20ry%3D%2232%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22103%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22103%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ETwo%20half-reactions%2C%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22103%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eeach%20with%20a%20known%20E%C2%B0%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-77.75%20-285)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpolygon%20points%3D%2280%2C0%20160%2C36%2080%2C72%200%2C36%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EWhich%20E%C2%B0%20is%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Emore%20positive%3F%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-242%20-123)%20rotate(0%2098.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22197%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ECathode%3A%20reduction%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2298.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(keep%20as%20tabulated)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(15%20-123)%20rotate(0%20133%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22266%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22133%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22133%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EAnode%3A%20oxidation%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22133%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(reverse%20the%20half-reaction)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-135.25%2039)%20rotate(0%20137.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22275%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22137.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22137.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EE%C2%B0cell%20%3D%20E%C2%B0cathode%20%E2%88%92%20E%C2%B0anode%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-77.75%20201)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpolygon%20points%3D%2280%2C0%20160%2C36%2080%2C72%200%2C36%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ESign%20of%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3EE%C2%B0cell%3F%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-300.5%20363)%20rotate(0%20137.5%2042)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22275%22%20height%3D%2284%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22137.5%22%20y%3D%2242%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22137.5%22%20dy%3D%22-16.8%22%3ESpontaneous%20as%20written%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22137.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E%CE%94G%C2%B0%20%26lt%3B%200%20%E2%80%94%20galvanic%20cell%2C%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22137.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Egenerates%20current%20on%20its%20own%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(34.5%20363)%20rotate(0%20133%2042)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22266%22%20height%3D%2284%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22133%22%20y%3D%2242%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22133%22%20dy%3D%22-16.8%22%3ENon-spontaneous%20as%20written%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22133%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E%CE%94G%C2%B0%20%26gt%3B%200%20%E2%80%94%20needs%20an%20external%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22133%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Epower%20source%20(electrolytic)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%202.25%20-330)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-5094cbf3-c126-4abc-8ebb-2fb268378975%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%202.25%20-375%20L%202.25%20-285%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-5094cbf3-c126-4abc-8ebb-2fb268378975)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-103.01388888888889%20-168)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-586debf5-0638-4be7-a2d5-bf1c28608d1b%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-62.53%20-213%20C%20-76.02%20-205.5%20-130%20-183%20-143.5%20-168%20C%20-157%20-153%20-143.5%20-130.5%20-143.5%20-123%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-586debf5-0638-4be7-a2d5-bf1c28608d1b)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-122.68%22%20y%3D%22-179.57%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EThat%20one%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20107.51388888888889%20-168)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-61529d2f-85c9-4e95-8b4b-875204ece22a%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2067.03%20-213%20C%2080.52%20-205.5%20134.5%20-183%20148%20-168%20C%20161.5%20-153%20148%20-130.5%20148%20-123%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-61529d2f-85c9-4e95-8b4b-875204ece22a)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22127.18%22%20y%3D%22-179.57%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EThe%20other%20one%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-103.01388888888889%20-6)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-09050d3c-ad3a-4b0b-83e4-658ab41d6416%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-143.5%20-51%20C%20-143.5%20-43.5%20-157%20-21%20-143.5%20-6%20C%20-130%209%20-76.02%2031.5%20-62.53%2039%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-09050d3c-ad3a-4b0b-83e4-658ab41d6416)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20107.51388888888889%20-6)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-56a97744-ff99-430b-bca6-e68c1b554e79%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20148%20-51%20C%20148%20-43.5%20161.5%20-21%20148%20-6%20C%20134.5%209%2080.52%2031.5%2067.03%2039%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-56a97744-ff99-430b-bca6-e68c1b554e79)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%202.25%20156)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-442c718f-dbbf-4a83-b6fa-c13daa10e600%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%202.25%20111%20L%202.25%20201%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-442c718f-dbbf-4a83-b6fa-c13daa10e600)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-117.09722222222223%20318)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-443a3897-b35b-4703-a382-080b2f58abfc%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-71.19%20273%20C%20-86.5%20280.5%20-147.7%20303%20-163%20318%20C%20-178.3%20333%20-163%20355.5%20-163%20363%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-443a3897-b35b-4703-a382-080b2f58abfc)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-137.3%22%20y%3D%22305.4%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EPositive%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20121.59722222222223%20318)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-93422b2b-ee95-4af3-a801-8b11552760bd%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2075.69%20273%20C%2091%20280.5%20152.2%20303%20167.5%20318%20C%20182.8%20333%20167.5%20355.5%20167.5%20363%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-93422b2b-ee95-4af3-a801-8b11552760bd)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22141.8%22%20y%3D%22305.4%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3ENegative%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L4 · Electrochemistry: standard potentials, the Nernst equation, and cell types · flowchart
Chemistry · L4 · Electrochemistry: standard potentials, the Nernst equation, and cell types · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-537.5%20-42)%20rotate(0%2085.5%2042)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22171%22%20height%3D%2284%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20y%3D%2242%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20dy%3D%22-16.8%22%3EFree%20metal%20ion%3A%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Efive%20d-orbitals%2C%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Esame%20energy%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-276.5%20-42)%20rotate(0%20111.5%2042)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22223%22%20height%3D%2284%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--violet-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--violet)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20y%3D%2242%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20dy%3D%22-16.8%22%3ELigand%20field%20splits%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Ed-orbitals%20into%20two%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eenergy%20levels%2C%20gap%20%3D%20%CE%94%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(36.5%20-42)%20rotate(0%20124.5%2042)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22249%22%20height%3D%2284%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20y%3D%2242%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%22-16.8%22%3EElectron%20promoted%3A%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Elower%20level%20%E2%86%92%20upper%20level%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(d%E2%80%93d%20transition)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(375.5%20-36)%20rotate(0%2081%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22162%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--blue-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--blue-hi)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2281%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2281%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EComplex%20appears%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2281%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Ecolored%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-321.5%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-70f1ef19-0a01-4cbe-81bd-4012c5625553%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-366.5%200%20L%20-276.5%200%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-70f1ef19-0a01-4cbe-81bd-4012c5625553)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-321.5%22%20y%3D%220%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Eligands%20approach%0Aand%20bond%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-8.499999999999993%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-ff538849-62e4-4aa8-ba8e-8aa5104542f6%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-53.5%200%20L%2036.5%200%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-ff538849-62e4-4aa8-ba8e-8aa5104542f6)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-8.5%22%20y%3D%220%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Ed-electron%20absorbs%20a%0Avisible%20photon%2C%20E%20%3D%20%CE%94%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20330.5%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-120f32f2-5208-4f65-a3a1-163121f03778%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20285.5%200%20L%20375.5%200%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-120f32f2-5208-4f65-a3a1-163121f03778)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22330.5%22%20y%3D%220%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Ecomplementary%20light%0Ais%20transmitted%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L4 · Coordination complexes: ligands, naming, and why they're colored · flowchart
Chemistry · L4 · Coordination complexes: ligands, naming, and why they're colored · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-85.5%20-360)%20rotate(0%2085.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22171%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ESolute%20dissolves%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Ein%20solvent%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-94%20-198)%20rotate(0%2094%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpolygon%20points%3D%2294%2C0%20188%2C36%2094%2C72%200%2C36%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2294%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EDoes%20it%20dissociate%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2294%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Einto%20ions%3F%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-212.25%20-36)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ENonelectrolyte%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Ei%20%3D%201%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(7.75%20-36)%20rotate(0%20124.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22249%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--amber-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--amber)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EElectrolyte%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Ei%20%3D%20ions%20per%20formula%20unit%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-133%20126)%20rotate(0%20133%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22266%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22133%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22133%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ECompute%20molality%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22133%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Em%20%3D%20mol%20solute%20%2F%20kg%20solvent%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-300%20288)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3E%CE%94T_f%20%3D%20i%C2%B7K_f%C2%B7m%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-80%20288)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3E%CE%94T_b%20%3D%20i%C2%B7K_b%C2%B7m%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(140%20288)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3E%CF%80%20%3D%20iMRT%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%200%20-243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-6b5b1475-57ff-4c83-aacc-e7b9c0a2e36f%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%200%20-288%20L%200%20-198%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-6b5b1475-57ff-4c83-aacc-e7b9c0a2e36f)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-95.51388888888889%20-81)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-f4de944e-8c09-49d2-b128-64d6465d11de%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-58.78%20-126%20C%20-71.02%20-118.5%20-120%20-96%20-132.25%20-81%20C%20-144.5%20-66%20-132.25%20-43.5%20-132.25%20-36%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-f4de944e-8c09-49d2-b128-64d6465d11de)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-114.7%22%20y%3D%22-91.75%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Eno%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%2095.51388888888889%20-81)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-b8a9ce51-45bb-4594-abce-9a5f4be93500%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2058.78%20-126%20C%2071.02%20-118.5%20120%20-96%20132.25%20-81%20C%20144.5%20-66%20132.25%20-43.5%20132.25%20-36%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-b8a9ce51-45bb-4594-abce-9a5f4be93500)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22114.7%22%20y%3D%22-91.75%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Eyes%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-95.51388888888889%2081)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-7b706dc5-9bda-4388-8a00-26d2556de061%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-132.25%2036%20C%20-132.25%2043.5%20-144.5%2066%20-132.25%2081%20C%20-120%2096%20-71.02%20118.5%20-58.78%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-7b706dc5-9bda-4388-8a00-26d2556de061)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%2095.51388888888889%2081)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-2dfa2317-946a-4bd0-ac42-9bfea577e7b7%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20132.25%2036%20C%20132.25%2043.5%20144.5%2066%20132.25%2081%20C%20120%2096%2071.02%20118.5%2058.78%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-2dfa2317-946a-4bd0-ac42-9bfea577e7b7)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-158.88888888888889%20243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-6dbe1a61-c65d-4706-b836-b4c4f2d49049%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-97.78%20198%20C%20-118.15%20205.5%20-199.63%20228%20-220%20243%20C%20-240.37%20258%20-220%20280.5%20-220%20288%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-6dbe1a61-c65d-4706-b836-b4c4f2d49049)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%200%20243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-044cc9a1-4eca-4c90-b565-7c4ae11539e1%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%200%20198%20L%200%20288%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-044cc9a1-4eca-4c90-b565-7c4ae11539e1)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20158.88888888888889%20243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-4a870f58-96d1-43fb-81dc-598c0bccfcf8%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2097.78%20198%20C%20118.15%20205.5%20199.63%20228%20220%20243%20C%20240.37%20258%20220%20280.5%20220%20288%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-4a870f58-96d1-43fb-81dc-598c0bccfcf8)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L4 · Colligative Properties (Quantitative) · flowchart
Chemistry · L4 · Colligative Properties (Quantitative) · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-111.5%20-360)%20rotate(0%20120%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22240%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%2232%22%20ry%3D%2232%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22120%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22120%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EMix%20solutions%20containing%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22120%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Ethe%20ion%20candidates%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-116%20-198)%20rotate(0%20124.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22249%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ECalculate%20Q%20using%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Ethe%20actual%20concentrations%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-77%20-36)%20rotate(0%2085.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpolygon%20points%3D%2285.5%2C0%20171%2C36%2085.5%2C72%200%2C36%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2285.5%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ECompare%20Q%20to%20Ksp%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-344.5%20126)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EQ%20%26lt%3B%20Ksp%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eunsaturated%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-116%20126)%20rotate(0%20124.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22249%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EQ%20%3D%20Ksp%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Esaturated%2C%20at%20equilibrium%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(193%20126)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--red-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--red)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EQ%20%26gt%3B%20Ksp%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Esupersaturated%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-397.5%20288)%20rotate(0%20133%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22266%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22133%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22133%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ENo%20precipitate%20forms%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22133%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(more%20solid%20could%20dissolve)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-71.5%20288)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3ENo%20net%20change%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(148.5%20288)%20rotate(0%20124.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22249%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--red-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--red)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EPrecipitate%20forms%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Euntil%20Q%20falls%20back%20to%20Ksp%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%208.5%20-243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-1f18f9eb-96e5-4141-829f-41bb420a2ea6%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%208.5%20-288%20L%208.5%20-198%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-1f18f9eb-96e5-4141-829f-41bb420a2ea6)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%208.5%20-81)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-78349aeb-26d0-436a-b04b-8c12939bac7e%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%208.5%20-126%20L%208.5%20-36%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-78349aeb-26d0-436a-b04b-8c12939bac7e)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-170.75%2075.68406593406593)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-2cf9d5b1-a1e0-4a39-800c-3bb472c9c741%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-77%2025.37%20C%20-108.25%2034.64%20-233.25%2064.23%20-264.5%2081%20C%20-295.75%2097.77%20-264.5%20118.5%20-264.5%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-2cf9d5b1-a1e0-4a39-800c-3bb472c9c741)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-192.32%22%20y%3D%2259.58%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EQ%20%26lt%3B%20Ksp%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%208.5%2081)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-5bde4188-c047-4655-85ad-c97d50b470ff%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%208.5%2036%20L%208.5%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-5bde4188-c047-4655-85ad-c97d50b470ff)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%228.5%22%20y%3D%2281%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EQ%20%3D%20Ksp%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20183.5%2076.09168241965973)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-814adf23-9bbf-475d-abfa-3cb49c92cd1f%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2094%2026.18%20C%20123.83%2035.32%20243.17%2064.36%20273%2081%20C%20302.83%2097.64%20273%20118.5%20273%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-814adf23-9bbf-475d-abfa-3cb49c92cd1f)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22205.01%22%20y%3D%2260.18%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EQ%20%26gt%3B%20Ksp%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-264.5%20243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-e0040076-a8da-4a87-9954-b36bcc43e503%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-264.5%20198%20L%20-264.5%20288%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-e0040076-a8da-4a87-9954-b36bcc43e503)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%208.5%20243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-dce16dc8-92b5-47fa-a769-10ba0d7c40d0%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%208.5%20198%20L%208.5%20288%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-dce16dc8-92b5-47fa-a769-10ba0d7c40d0)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20273%20243)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-65ca43ce-c328-425c-ab01-10a782ae3006%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20273%20198%20L%20273%20288%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-65ca43ce-c328-425c-ab01-10a782ae3006)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L4 · Solubility Equilibria: Ksp, common ion effect, and precipitation · flowchart
Chemistry · L4 · Solubility Equilibria: Ksp, common ion effect, and precipitation · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-330%20-102)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%2232%22%20ry%3D%2232%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EEthanol%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3ECH3CH2OH%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-80%20-102)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EAcetaldehyde%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3ECH3CHO%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(170%20-102)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--red-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--red)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EAcetic%20acid%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3ECH3COOH%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-330%2030)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%2232%22%20ry%3D%2232%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EIsopropanol%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(CH3)2CHOH%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-80%2030)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--blue-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--blue-hi)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EAcetone%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(CH3)2C%3DO%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-125%20-66)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-cf83ef09-f9f2-4d62-94d4-738e2d2bf74b%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-170%20-66%20L%20-80%20-66%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-cf83ef09-f9f2-4d62-94d4-738e2d2bf74b)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-125%22%20y%3D%22-66%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Eoxidation%2C%20-2H%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20125%20-66)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-53573849-a527-46f4-98b3-3d836f80b8e5%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2080%20-66%20L%20170%20-66%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-53573849-a527-46f4-98b3-3d836f80b8e5)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22125%22%20y%3D%22-66%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Efurther%20oxidation%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-125%2066)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-14a1ae1d-8f62-43b8-9324-cb40823a588c%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-170%2066%20L%20-80%2066%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-14a1ae1d-8f62-43b8-9324-cb40823a588c)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-125%22%20y%3D%2266%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Eoxidation%2C%20-2H%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L4 · The oxidation ladder: alcohols → aldehydes/ketones → carboxylic acids · flowchart
Chemistry · L4 · The oxidation ladder: alcohols → aldehydes/ketones → carboxylic acids · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-73.5%20-198)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22160%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%2232%22%20ry%3D%2232%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%220%22%3EBenzene%20%2B%20E%E2%81%BA%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-331.25%20-36)%20rotate(0%20168%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22336%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--red-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--red)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22168%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22168%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3Esp%C2%B3%20carbon%20formed%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22168%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Earomaticity%20destroyed%20(unfavorable)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(64.75%20-36)%20rotate(0%20111.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22223%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EArenium%20ion%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22111.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(resonance-stabilized)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(21.25%20126)%20rotate(0%20155%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22310%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%2232%22%20ry%3D%2232%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22155%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22155%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ESubstituted%20benzene%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22155%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Earomaticity%20restored%20(favorable)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-116.09722222222223%20-81)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-126c1421-bba7-4ffd-9957-0c6e94df35b5%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-68.94%20-126%20C%20-84.66%20-118.5%20-147.53%20-96%20-163.25%20-81%20C%20-178.97%20-66%20-163.25%20-43.5%20-163.25%20-36%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-126c1421-bba7-4ffd-9957-0c6e94df35b5)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-136.4%22%20y%3D%22-93.81%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Ehypothetical%20addition%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20129.09722222222223%20-81)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-170ab1f3-884c-4535-a9e4-97ea4c1e8848%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2081.94%20-126%20C%2097.66%20-118.5%20160.53%20-96%20176.25%20-81%20C%20191.97%20-66%20176.25%20-43.5%20176.25%20-36%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-170ab1f3-884c-4535-a9e4-97ea4c1e8848)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22149.4%22%20y%3D%22-93.81%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Eelectrophilic%20aromatic%0Asubstitution%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20176.25%2081)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-86a11c2b-987a-406f-b11e-10d279c2e390%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20176.25%2036%20L%20176.25%20126%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-86a11c2b-987a-406f-b11e-10d279c2e390)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22176.25%22%20y%3D%2281%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3Eloses%20H%E2%81%BA%20to%20base%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L4 · Aromatic Chemistry & Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution · flowchart
Chemistry · L4 · Aromatic Chemistry & Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-140.25%20-621)%20rotate(0%20107%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22214%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22107%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22107%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EIdentify%20the%204%20groups%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22107%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eon%20the%20chiral%20centre%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-162.25%20-459)%20rotate(0%20129%2042)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22258%22%20height%3D%2284%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22129%22%20y%3D%2242%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22129%22%20dy%3D%22-16.8%22%3ERank%20each%20group%201-4%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22129%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eby%20atomic%20number%20of%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22129%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Ethe%20directly%20attached%20atom%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-113.25%20-285)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpolygon%20points%3D%2280%2C0%20160%2C36%2080%2C72%200%2C36%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ETie%20at%20the%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Efirst%20atom%3F%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-92.75%20-123)%20rotate(0%20159%2042)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22318%22%20height%3D%2284%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22159%22%20y%3D%2242%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22159%22%20dy%3D%22-16.8%22%3EMove%20outward%20and%20compare%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22159%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Ethe%20next%20atoms%20along%20each%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22159%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Ebranch%20until%20a%20difference%20appears%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-157.75%2051)%20rotate(0%20124.5%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22249%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EPriorities%201%20(highest)%20to%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22124.5%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E4%20(lowest)%20are%20assigned%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-153.25%20213)%20rotate(0%20120%2042)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22240%22%20height%3D%2284%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22120%22%20y%3D%2242%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22120%22%20dy%3D%22-16.8%22%3EOrient%20the%20molecule%20with%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22120%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Epriority%204%20pointing%20away%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22120%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Efrom%20the%20viewer%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-113.25%20387)%20rotate(0%2080%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cpolygon%20points%3D%2280%2C0%20160%2C36%2080%2C72%200%2C36%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2280%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ETrace%20the%20path%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2280%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E1%20to%202%20to%203%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-225.25%20549)%20rotate(0%2081%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22162%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2281%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2281%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ER%20configuration%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2281%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(rectus)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-3.25%20549)%20rotate(0%2081%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22162%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--red-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--red)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2281%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2281%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ES%20configuration%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%2281%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E(sinister)%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-33.25%20-504)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-962c801c-2cf2-4ef9-afa6-1a7c482faa9d%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-33.25%20-549%20L%20-33.25%20-459%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-962c801c-2cf2-4ef9-afa6-1a7c482faa9d)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-33.25%20-330)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-674a613a-64a6-4b73-afdd-42477cfcec00%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-33.25%20-375%20L%20-33.25%20-285%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-674a613a-64a6-4b73-afdd-42477cfcec00)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%2038.611111111111114%20-168)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-f44781db-e4c0-4656-b657-5e80e0e224b9%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2010.97%20-213%20C%2020.19%20-205.5%2057.04%20-183%2066.25%20-168%20C%2075.46%20-153%2066.25%20-130.5%2066.25%20-123%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-f44781db-e4c0-4656-b657-5e80e0e224b9)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2256.06%22%20y%3D%22-176.3%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EYes%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-105.11111111111111%20-81)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-bd2c123e-304b-480a-ae30-e480382c0308%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-77.47%20-213%20C%20-86.69%20-205.5%20-123.54%20-190%20-132.75%20-168%20C%20-141.96%20-146%20-132.75%20-110%20-132.75%20-81%20C%20-132.75%20-52%20-141.96%20-16%20-132.75%206%20C%20-123.54%2028%20-86.69%2043.5%20-77.47%2051%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-bd2c123e-304b-480a-ae30-e480382c0308)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-132.75%22%20y%3D%22-81%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3ENo%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%2038.611111111111114%206)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-f28b15b6-4a8a-4566-b449-e92845750e85%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2066.25%20-39%20C%2066.25%20-31.5%2075.46%20-9%2066.25%206%20C%2057.04%2021%2020.19%2043.5%2010.97%2051%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-f28b15b6-4a8a-4566-b449-e92845750e85)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-33.25%20168)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-b60bf179-deae-4e74-8a9e-aeb1d96e39df%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-33.25%20123%20L%20-33.25%20213%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-b60bf179-deae-4e74-8a9e-aeb1d96e39df)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-33.25%20342)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-a7a12ead-7ebf-4d98-b37a-d447f0ad35ac%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-33.25%20297%20L%20-33.25%20387%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-a7a12ead-7ebf-4d98-b37a-d447f0ad35ac)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-113.41666666666666%20504)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-2a8a579e-0c4c-4fa3-ac32-c4c525849d02%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-82.58%20459%20C%20-92.86%20466.5%20-133.97%20489%20-144.25%20504%20C%20-154.53%20519%20-144.25%20541.5%20-144.25%20549%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-2a8a579e-0c4c-4fa3-ac32-c4c525849d02)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22-131.59%22%20y%3D%22494.76%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3EClockwise%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%2046.916666666666664%20504)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-bb02db68-f24d-4559-867c-5be556edea82%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%2016.08%20459%20C%2026.36%20466.5%2067.47%20489%2077.75%20504%20C%2088.03%20519%2077.75%20541.5%2077.75%20549%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-bb02db68-f24d-4559-867c-5be556edea82)%22%2F%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%2265.09%22%20y%3D%22494.76%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2212%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20paint-order%3D%22stroke%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--bg-2)%22%20stroke-width%3D%224%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3ECounter-clockwise%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)
Chemistry · L4 · Stereochemistry: Chirality, Enantiomers, and R/S Naming · flowchart
Chemistry · L4 · Stereochemistry: Chirality, Enantiomers, and R/S Naming · flowchartFlowchartChemistry
%3B--surface%3Aoklch(0.225%200.015%20264)%3B--text-2%3Aoklch(0.78%200.012%20264)%3B--text-3%3Aoklch(0.6%200.014%20264)%3B--bg-2%3Aoklch(0.195%200.014%20264)%3B--line-soft%3Aoklch(0.28%200.016%20264)%3B--blue-hi%3Aoklch(0.72%200.15%20262)%3B--green%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158)%3B--amber%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078)%3B--violet%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308)%3B--red%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022)%3B--blue%3Aoklch(0.49%200.17%20262)%3B--cyan%3Aoklch(0.74%200.12%20210)%3B--blue-dim%3Aoklch(0.6%200.16%20262%2F0.14)%3B--green-dim%3Aoklch(0.74%200.15%20158%2F0.14)%3B--amber-dim%3Aoklch(0.78%200.14%2078%2F0.14)%3B--violet-dim%3Aoklch(0.68%200.15%20308%2F0.14)%3B--red-dim%3Aoklch(0.66%200.17%2022%2F0.14)%3B--sans%3Asystem-ui%2Csans-serif%7D%3C%2Fstyle%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-503%20-36)%20rotate(0%20168%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22336%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22168%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22168%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EMeasure%20the%20fraction%20of%20the%20isotope%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22168%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Estill%20present%3A%20N%20%2F%20N%E2%82%80%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(-77%20-36)%20rotate(0%20129%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22258%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--surface)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22129%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22129%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3ESolve%20N%20%3D%20N%E2%82%80%20e%5E(-%CE%BBt)%20for%20t%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22129%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3Eusing%20its%20decay%20constant%20%CE%BB%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(271%20-36)%20rotate(0%20116%2036)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cg%3E%3Crect%20width%3D%22232%22%20height%3D%2272%22%20rx%3D%224%22%20ry%3D%224%22%20fill%3D%22var(--green-dim)%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--green)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20fill-opacity%3D%221%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Ctext%20x%3D%22116%22%20y%3D%2236%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%20font-size%3D%2214%22%20text-anchor%3D%22middle%22%20dominant-baseline%3D%22central%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20style%3D%22pointer-events%3Anone%3Buser-select%3Anone%22%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22116%22%20dy%3D%22-8.4%22%3EElapsed%20time%20t%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3Ctspan%20x%3D%22116%22%20dy%3D%2216.8%22%3E%E2%80%94%20the%20age%20of%20the%20sample%3C%2Ftspan%3E%3C%2Ftext%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20-122%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-7ea93595-433b-4769-baeb-5b2b004c27eb%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20-167%200%20L%20-77%200%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-7ea93595-433b-4769-baeb-5b2b004c27eb)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3Cg%20transform%3D%22translate(0%200)%20rotate(0%20226%200)%22%3E%3Cg%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cmarker%20id%3D%22ee-78ff474a-be3d-4208-b1a8-dc0a8fde071f%22%20markerWidth%3D%2210%22%20markerHeight%3D%2210%22%20refX%3D%228%22%20refY%3D%223%22%20orient%3D%22auto%22%20markerUnits%3D%22strokeWidth%22%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M0%2C0%20L8%2C3%20L0%2C6%20Z%22%20fill%3D%22var(--text)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fmarker%3E%3C%2Fdefs%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%22M%20181%200%20L%20271%200%22%20fill%3D%22none%22%20stroke%3D%22var(--text)%22%20stroke-width%3D%222%22%20opacity%3D%221%22%20stroke-linecap%3D%22round%22%20stroke-linejoin%3D%22round%22%20marker-end%3D%22url(%23ee-78ff474a-be3d-4208-b1a8-dc0a8fde071f)%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fg%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)