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Atmospheric CO₂ Rise Since 1960 (Keeling Curve)
Modelled trend of atmospheric CO₂ concentration (ppm) from 1960 to 2025. The real Keeling curve is slightly convex — CO₂ growth has accelerated since 1960 — so a constant linear rate is a teaching approximation; adjust the growth rate r to explore how faster or slower emissions change the trajectory.
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