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Chemistry · L5 · Lithium Dendrite Growth on a Metal Anode

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Why non-uniform lithium plating during charging preferentially grows small surface protrusions into needle-like dendrites, eventually risking separator puncture and internal short circuit.

by @openstemUpdated Chemistry
Charging: Li+ reduced and plated onto lithium-metal anode surfaceIs plating perfectly uniform?Protrusion locally concentrates electric field, shortens diffusion pathProtrusion accumulates more current density than flat surfaceProtrusion grows faster: forms needle-like dendriteDendrite reaches separator?Separator punctured: internal short circuit, safety hazardDead lithium: electrically isolated, irreversible capacity lossSmooth lithium deposition, no dendriteSmall surface protrusion existsYesNot yet, but fragment detachesPerfectly uniform plating, idealized

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