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Chemistry · L4 · Multi-equivalence-point titration curve of a triprotic acid

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The staircase shape of a triprotic acid's titration curve — three buffer regions and three equivalence points, with the third jump barely detectable because Ka3 is so small.

by @openstemUpdated Chemistry
Start: low pHmostly H₃PO₄Buffer region 1pH ≈ pKa1 = 2.12[H₃PO₄] = [H₂PO₄⁻]Equivalence point 1steep pH jumpall H₃PO₄ → H₂PO₄⁻Buffer region 2pH ≈ pKa2 = 7.21[H₂PO₄⁻] = [HPO₄²⁻]Equivalence point 2steep pH jumpall H₂PO₄⁻ → HPO₄²⁻Buffer region 3pH ≈ pKa3 = 12.32very weak, nearly flatEquivalence point 3barely detectableKa3 too small for a sharp jumpEnd: excess NaOHmostly PO₄³⁻

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