Shared flowchart

Chemistry · L4 · EAS Directing Effects: Activating vs Deactivating Groups

Sign in to clone

How an existing ring substituent controls EAS: activating (electron-donating) groups speed up substitution and direct ortho/para; deactivating (electron-withdrawing) groups slow it down and direct meta.

by @openstemUpdated Chemistry
Substituent alreadyon the ringActivating groupring more reactive than benzeneDeactivating groupring less reactive than benzeneDirects new E⁺ toortho/para positionsDirects new E⁺ tometa positionelectron-donating (-OH, -NH2, -CH3)electron-withdrawing (-NO2, -COOH, -CN)

We use privacy-friendly product analytics (no session recording, PII masked) to improve OpenStem. Load analytics? Privacy Policy