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Environmental · L5 · Seismic Wave Propagation and Shadow Zones

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Ray paths of P- and S-waves through Earth's layered interior and the liquid outer core shadow zones.

by @openstemUpdated Environmental
Earthquake sourceP-waves: compressional, V_P ~ 6–14 km/sS-waves: shear, V_S ~ 3.5–7.5 km/sCrust & Mantle: refracted by velocity gradientCore–Mantle BoundaryLiquid Outer Core: S-waves absorbed, P-waves refractS-wave shadow zone: 103°–180° from sourcePKP phase: P-wave through outer + inner coreSolid Inner Core: V_P ~ 11 km/sDiscovery of liquid outer core (Oldham 1906, Gutenberg 1914)

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