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Chemistry · L5 · Doping Silicon: N-Type vs P-Type

How doping intrinsic silicon with a Group 15 element (phosphorus) versus a Group 13 element (boron) produces an n-type semiconductor with extra free electrons or a p-type semiconductor with extra mobile holes.

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Intrinsic silicon lattice(Group 14, 4 valence electrons per atom)Dope with a small amountof a different elementN-type semiconductorP-type semiconductor4 electrons bond into the lattice;1 extra electron per dopant atom is left overOnly 3 electrons available;1 bond per dopant atom is left incompleteExtra electron entersthe conduction bandIncomplete bond becomes amobile hole (missing electron)Majority carrier: free electrons (-)Majority carrier: holes (+)Group 15 element (e.g. phosphorus, 5 valence e-)Group 13 element (e.g. boron, 3 valence e-)

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