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Chemistry · L5 · Boltzmann Populations: Low T vs High T

How the same energy-level ladder gives very different population distributions at low versus high temperature, and how that shows up in the partition function q.

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Same energy ladderε0 less than ε1 less than ε2Low T(kT much less than level spacing)High T(kT much greater than level spacing)Population piles into ε0p0 approx 1, p1 and p2 approx 0Population spreads outp0 approx p1 approx p2q approaches g0 (approx 1)q approaches the numberof accessible states

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