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Chemistry · L4 · Systematic Qualitative Inorganic Analysis · flowchart

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by @openstemUpdated Chemistry
Unknown cation solutionAdd sodium hydroxide dropwisePrecipitate forms?Likely a Group 1 ion, e.g. Na+ or K+Add excess NaOH to a fresh samplePrecipitate redissolves in excess NaOH?Non-amphoteric hydroxide: Cu2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, or Ca2+Amphoteric hydroxide: Al3+, Zn2+, or Pb2+Add excess ammonia to a fresh sampleAdd excess ammonia to a fresh sampleRedissolves in excess ammonia?Copper(II), Cu2+, forms Cu(NH3)4 2+Iron or calcium ion - confirm with NaOH precipitate colourRedissolves in excess ammonia?Zinc, Zn2+, forms Zn(NH3)4 2+Aluminium or lead - confirm with a sulfate or iodide testNo precipitate, even in excessYesNo change, precipitate remainsRedissolves to a colourless solutionYes, deep blue solutionNo, precipitate persistsYes, colourless solutionNo, stays white

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